tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77108046105186360082024-03-08T03:55:03.320-08:00How to write an informative essayAmerican Literature 1 Essay Topics Midterm Beth Graymiriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-12440113182885977752020-08-24T16:58:00.001-07:002020-08-24T16:58:13.000-07:00Tourist ResortQuestion: Compose an exposition on the itemized advertising examination of a well known vacationer resort. Answer: The report is on the nitty gritty advertising examination of a renowned vacationer resort in Australia. It will give a reasonable and succinct thought regarding the objective market and position mapping in the travel industry in Australia. It will portray various sections and position of the picked vacationer resort in Australia. It will give data on full scale and condition of the travel industry in Australia. In view of the chose retreat notoriety, it will investigate purchaser discernment and conduct about the picked the travel industry resort and its marking. The report will likewise give a point by point conversation on the showcasing blend of the travel industry. The report will give bunch understanding into commercialization and the executives of the travel industry in Australia. Target market, area, and situating The travel industry in Australia is a significant piece of the Australian economy. The travel industry added to about 3% of Australian GDP in the money related year 2014-2015. Local the travel industry is likewise a critical piece of the travel industry speaking to a significant piece of direct the travel industry GDP. The travel industry has offered work to numerous individuals in Australia. It is additionally a significant giver in absolute fare acquiring. Famous travel goal incorporates Sydney, Melbourne, prominent goals like Gold Coast and the Great Barrier Reef, the world's biggest reef. The untamed life of Australia is likewise a huge spot of enthusiasm for the traveler (Athanasopoulos et al. 2013). The focal point of Australia's universal the travel industry crusades is to the laid back way of life of the nation and their promoting efforts. The publicizing efforts in the travel industry focus on a mass traveler from neighborhood populace or an alternate arrangement of the guest from a few pieces of the world. Different National Tourism Organizations (NTO) like Tourism Australia embrace a divided way to deal with look into their market and business. The improvement of the travel industry is reliant on a few components like spending plans, significance of goal, vacationer inspiration and simplicity of air get to (Morrison 2013). Every one of these elements and portioned approach is the center of Australia's showcasing technique. The showcasing has become progressively refined relying upon well known goals. The travel industry advertise is driven by factors like quality and amount of contenders, remarkable item and offering at a goal and in particular on the meeting visitor. While building up a popular traveler goal, they do research to discover the most fitting objective crowd or guest for a specific goal (Pomering 2013). The travel industry Australia has likewise done broad research to distinguish perfect traveler fragment in Australia that causes them to meet their basic business objectives and targets. The previous view was that vacationer was fragmented by a nation of birthplace, their method of movement (Long-goal, between provincial and residential), style of voyaging (free, autonomous, bundle, hiker, and so on.) and channels of dispersion. In any case, presently they bunch traveler into fragments by qualities like psychographic, individual inspiration and way of life of vacationer (Forsey and Low 2014). At the psychographic level, not very many traveler parts are there that cross national fringes for voyaging. Distinctive vacationer has various inspirations and perspectives to voyaging contingent upon the nationality and their social contrast. Every one of these qualities impact people voyaging inclinations. So by this sort of research they can segregate worldwide traveler fragments that are pr epared for the Australian the travel industry experience. In this manner, the intended interest group is picked by sifting through purchasers through conduct science examines, inspiration inquire about, division studies and center gathering of the complete populace (Ruhanen et al. 2015). The kind of traveler by and large coming in Australia is a universal visitor, local vacationer, and hikers. New Zealand guests are a piece of Australian the travel industry advertise. They take short bundled visits fundamentally in notorious sights like Sydney, Gold Coast, the Great Barrier Reef, and so forth. Visitor likewise comes to see Australian local creatures like koala and kangaroo. A significant segment of traveler to Australia is the hikers. They originate from European nations for the most part Britain and from North America. This sort of voyagers invested significantly more energy in the nation. Numerous hikers take working occasions to remain longer. Work occasion visas for Australia are accessible for residents of Canada, Europe, and East Asian nations like Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and so on. Residential visitor advertise is the significant supporter of the advancement of the travel industry. Australians are acceptable residential explorers who go for short excursions to the ocean side hotel towns, mountain retreat, national park, angling areas, well known places of interest, and so forth (McKay et al. 2014). The report depends on the well known Lizard Island Resort in Australia. The retreat is situated on the Great Barrier Reef and settled around 1013 hectare Lizard Island National Park. The retreat island is arranged on the western side of Lizard Island worked by Voyages Hotel and Resort since November 2009. It centers around giving confinement and water sports exercises exploiting The Great Barrier Reef area. The hotel has direct access to the Sunset Beach. The hotel offers wonderful ocean and nursery sees from the exquisite and rich rooms and suites. Each room and suites have galleries or decks alongside shrewd way of life civilities like Smart TVs, smaller than usual bars, espresso creator, enormous manors and private dive pool. It likewise has a zone with the expectation of complimentary games exercises like tennis, swimming, paddle skiing; plunging outings to Cod Hole, and so on (Anderson et al. 2015). The retreat has a café with a casual situation and every day evolving menus. Th ey additionally mastermind 7-course beachfront suppers. There is additionally a game plan for an easygoing bar, freshwater pool, an exercise center and a spa. The Lizard Island is a confined spot with 24 white-fine sea shores and 40 rich suites. It is the northernmost retreat in tropical Queensland and found legitimately in Great Barrier Reef. Reptile Island arranged in Lizard National Park has numerous sandy sea shores and tidal ponds. It is available just by private contract from Cairns Airport in northern Queensland, Australia. The retreat gives the blessed not many a life-changing occasion experience like no different hotels. A traveler appreciates segregated picnics on private sea shores and five-star cooking Salt Water eatery. There is a possibility for a basic day spa. It gives the vacationer choice to unwind in style in private suites and retain the magnificence of Australia's Great Barrier Reef (Green and Wood 2015). The Lizard Resort Island is worked by Delaware North. This retreat is recorded in universes to 10 inns of the world. It has picked up notoriety for the most part for its unparalleled Great Barrier Reef area. It offers outstanding marine jumping, five-star eating, high-class spa administration and other fantastic experience to guests. It is perfect for those vacationers needing a few days of disengagement from fill in as the hotel is situated in segregated part on the northern generally side of the Reef. It gives the vacationer alternative to browse 40 lavish rooms and suites. They ensure each visitor shocking perspective and security at their suites. It has exercises of enthusiasm for practically all age gatherings. They can investigate the reef and its encompassing precious stone blue waters, unwind in white private beeches, enjoy water sports like jumping, swimming, unwind by a spa treatment, and so forth. It additionally gives vacationer bit of leeway of guided visits, journey, an d private contracts (Economics 2013). It administrations include: Food and Beverage: They are a pioneer in food administration the executives. The hotel has numerous eateries, and they have the differentiation of having the busiest and celebrated kitchens on the planet. Retail: Delaware North is the central administrator of Lizard Island Resort. It has the experience of working around 300 stores in resorts, well known attractions, air terminals, sport-settings, commercial center, and so forth. So its gives the interesting experience to guests remaining at the hotel. They need their shoppers to return to the place and advance themselves with energizing exercises at the hotel (Billies 2016). Housing: Delawares experience of inn the executives stretches out from various nations in North America to Australia. Sorting out various occasion requires explicit aptitudes and Delaware North has exceeded expectations in this office. They have created lavish inn suites, for example, in Lizard Island Resort and wild camps. They need each occasion to be a one-time special experience for their customers. So put a great deal of endeavors in sorting out energizing occasions. So all in all Lizard Island Resort is a staggering retreat for vacationer giving rich separation and world-class offices (Marshall et al. 2013). The Great Barrier Reef is a well known visitor goal in Australia. So Lizard Island resort area is suitable for pulling in huge vacationer as the spot is well known goal because of the Great Barrier Reef. The area draws in excess of 2,000,000 guests consistently. The spot has been painstakingly overseen for the enthusiasm of the visitor. They have taken licenses for outdoors and other business marine the travel industry inside the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Those remaining at Lizard Island have the upside of closer reach to these area and marine exercises as the retreat is found close by the Great Barrier Reef. In spite of the quantity of traffic of guests to this spot each year, Tourism Australia has watched that the traffic doesn't have any impact or harm on the reef. There are likewise numerous other characteristic attractions like Uluru, Fraser Island, and Kakadu National Park. Uluru was granted for being the best vacation spot in Australia (Tourism and Jennings 2012). Situating mapping: It is an instrument utilized by promoting individuals to manage items that they are advertising. The idea is that distinctive individual has miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-14740609531116539832020-08-22T01:46:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:46:25.191-07:00Medea And Chorus Essay Example For StudentsMedea And Chorus Essay The trade that happens among Medea and the Chorus serves severalpurposes in Euripides catastrophe, The Medea. It permits us to identify with Medeain resentment of her appalling blemishes. It additionally foretells the unfortunate occasions that willcome to pass. At long last, it contrasts judiciousness against retaliation and abundance. The Chorus offers the normal perspective on the world to the to some degree crazy charactersof Medea, Jason, and Creon. As the entry starts on page 176, the pioneer of theChorus uncovers that she has high respects for Medea in spite of the way that she issavage still. She recognizes Medea as an outsider and an outsiderand yet is thoughtful towards her. This coalition is obviously founded on femalebonds as opposed to on any sort of national faithfulness. Medea burns through no time beforeshe starts bemoaning and reviling the individuals who challenged wrong me withoutcause. The Chorus attempts to comfort Medea, trusting that this mightlessen her furious fury/And her furor of soul. They show realconcern for her prosperity, just as for the prosperity of her friends and family. This unselfish mentality is as a conspicuous difference to the perspectives of the maincharacters in the disaster, who all appear to be very self-serving. So in justa barely any short lines, its previously become evident that while the ensemble doesntnecessarily concur with how Medea is taking care of her circumstance, they aresticking by her and supporting her. This thought underpins one of the importantthemes of the play: the skirmish of the genders. Medea currently gets an opportunity to move a fewthings out into the open. She tends to the Women of Corinth, remindingthem that of everything that live upon the earth and have knowledge wewomen are surely the most pitiable. She examines the miserable parcel thatwomen must arrangement with in marriage and again focuses on the way that she is anoutsider, alone, without/a city. Her discourse is sharp and convincing. Its an update that she is an extremely keen lady, absolutely able ofoutsmarting Jason or Creon. This leads us to her plot. She tells the Chorus thata lady is meek in different things, and is a quitter in looking on coldsteel, yet/at whatever point she is wronged in her marriage there/is no heart somurderous as hers. The Chorus reacts to this by revealing to Medea that shehas the option to look for retaliation on her significant other. This unquestionably anticipates herplan to kill the individuals who she feels have harmed her. It likewise uncovers her tragicflaw. She is inordinate in her affection for Jason and in her response to the misfortune ofhis commitment. This section denotes the last time that a common trade takes placefor a long while. A significant part of the remainder of the play is spent on bickering,begging, and knocking. Regardless of whether you see Medea as a femme fatale or a tragichero, her movement from torment to outrage to savagery is delegate ofhuman nature. M ost people are fit for the inordinate conduct exhibited byMedea; luckily, a large portion of us live more by the moderate and discerning terms ofthe Chorus. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-56796005031087089992020-07-22T16:17:00.001-07:002020-07-22T16:17:02.558-07:00Shredding Service - How Does it Work?Shredding Service - How Does it Work?It is important to understand that service papers are a requirement in every day's life. Most of the times people prefer to use these papers as it ensures that all the paperwork in your office is done very properly and without much delay.There are several reasons why people choose to use service papers instead of filing all their work and documents. The most common reason why people choose to use this paper rather than the regular paper is because of the many advantages and benefits they offer to the users.One of the most important reasons why people choose to use these papers is because of the time they save. This paper is ideal for people who like to manage paperwork and other records at home or at the office.Not only does this paper save them a lot of time but it also saves the cost of hiring professional assistance in order to complete their work. Therefore, if you would like to speed up your work then you need to look for a good paper shredde r that will help you get all your paperwork done in less time.If you like to manage your papers yourself then you have to be careful about the papers that you are using. You have to keep an eye on them because it is possible that you may forget to dispose off your documents when you get out of office. This can lead to problems in the future which could have been avoided if you have used paper shredder.You need to ensure that you have enough office space in order to work without any hassles. This is a very important thing to consider if you want to get all your documents cleaned and shredded by the professional service providers. Moreover, if you don't have the proper tools to do your task then you can easily hire some professionals from the same place.Remember that the space that you are occupying in your office is also important. If you are planning to move your office then make sure that you plan well in advance so that you will not get disappointed when you move your office to a new location. Remember that your business requires good services so make sure that you find the best service provider for the job.If you want to keep your papers clean and in order then it is essential to hire some paper shredding services which will guarantee you that you will get your papers shredded properly. There are many companies that offer these services and it will help you get all your papers handled professionally and without any issues. You can also give some suggestions to the company to make sure that the process will be carried out in the best way. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-29848523131047691102020-05-22T02:45:00.001-07:002020-05-22T02:45:06.149-07:00Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War The Battle of Antietam was fought September 17, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). In the wake of his stunning victory at the Second Battle of Manassas in late August 1862, General Robert E. Lee began moving north into Maryland with the goal of obtaining supplies and cutting the rail links to Washington. This move was endorsed by Confederate President Jefferson Davis who believed that a victory on Northern soil would increase the likelihood of recognition from Britain and France. Crossing the Potomac, Lee was slowly pursued by Major General George B. McClellan who had recently been reinstated to overall command of Union forces in the area. Armies Commanders Union Major General George B. McClellan87,000 men Confederate General Robert E. Lee45,000 men Battle of Antietam - Advancing to Contact Lees campaign was soon compromised when Union forces found a copy of Special Order 191 which laid out his movements and showed that his army was split into several smaller contingents. Written on September 9, a copy of the order was found at the Best Farm south of Frederick, MD by Corporal Barton W. Mitchell of the 27th Indiana Volunteers.à Addressed to Major General D.H. Hill, the document was wrapped around three cigars and caught Mitchells eye as it lay in the grass. Quickly passed up the Union chain of command and recognized as authentic, it soon arrived at McClellans headquarters.à Assessing the information, the Union commander commented, Here is a paper with which, if I cannot whip Bobby Lee, I will be willing to go home.à Despite the time-sensitive nature of the intelligence contained in Special Order 191, McClellan displayed his characteristic slowness and hesitated before acting on this critical information. While Confederate troops under Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson were capturing Harpers Ferry, McClellan pressed west and engaged Lees men in the passes through the mountains. In the resulting Battle of South Mountain on September 14, McClellans men attacked the out-numbered Confederate defenders at Foxs, Turners, and Cramptons Gaps.à Though the gaps were taken, fighting lasted through the day and bought time for Lee to order his army to reconcentrate at Sharpsburg. McClellans Plan Bringing his men together behind Antietam Creek, Lee was in a precarious position with the Potomac at his back and only Botelers Ford to the southwest at Shepherdstown as an escape route. On September 15, when the lead Union divisions were sighted, Lee only had 18,000 men at Sharpsburg. By that evening, much of the Union army had arrived. Though an immediate attack on September 16 likely would have overwhelmed the scrambling Lee, the ever-cautious McClellan, who believed Confederate forces to number around 100,000, did not begin probing the Confederate lines until late that afternoon. This delay allowed Lee to bring his army together, though some units were still en route. Based on the intelligence gathered on the 16th, McClellan decided to open the battle the next day by attacking from the north as this would allow his men to cross the creek at the undefended upper bridge. The assault was to be mounted by two corps with an additional two waiting in reserve. This attack would be supported by a diversionary attack by Major General Ambrose Burnsides IX Corps against the lower bridge south of Sharpsburg. Should the assaults proved successful, McClellan intended to attack with his reserves over the middle bridge against the Confederate center. Union intentions became clear on the evening of September 16, when Major General Joseph Hookers I Corps skirmished with Lees men in the East Woods north of town. As a result, Lee, who had placed Jacksons men on his left and Major General James Longstreets on the right, shifted troops to meet the anticipated threat (Map). The Fighting Begins in the North Around 5:30 AM on September 17, Hooker attacked down the Hagerstown Turnpike with the goal of capturing the Dunker Church, a small building on a plateau to the south. Encountering Jacksons men, brutal fighting began in the Miller Cornfield and the East Woods. A bloody stalemate ensued as the outnumbered Confederates held and mounted effective counterattacks. Adding Brigadier General Abner Doubledays division into the fight, Hookers troops began to push the enemy back. With Jacksons line near collapse, reinforcements arrived around 7:00 AM as Lee stripped his lines elsewhere of men. Counterattacking, they drove Hooker back and the Union troops were forced to cede the Cornfield and West Woods. Badly bloodied, Hooker called for aid from Major General Joseph K. Mansfields XII Corps. Advancing in columns of companies, XII Corps was hammered by Confederate artillery during their approach and Mansfield was mortally wounded by a sniper. With Brigadier General Alpheus Williams in command, XII Corps renewed the assault. While one division was halted by enemy fire, Brigadier General George S. Greenes men were able to break through and reach the Dunker Church (Map). While Greenes men came under heavy fire from the West Woods, Hooker was wounded as he tried to rally men to exploit the success. With no support arriving, Greene was forced to pull back. In an effort to force the situation above Sharpsburg, Major General Edwin V. Sumner was directed to contribute two divisions from his II Corps to the fight. Advancing with Major General John Sedgwicks division, Sumner lost contact with Brigadier General William Frenchs division before leading a rash attack into the West Woods. Quickly taken under fire on three sides, Sedgwicks men were forced to retreat (Map). Attacks in the Center By mid-day, fighting in the north quieted as Union forces held the East Woods and the Confederates the West Woods. Having lost Sumner, French spotted elements of Major General D.H. Hills division to the south. Though only numbering 2,500 men and tired from fighting earlier in the day, they were in a strong position along a sunken road. Around 9:30 AM, French began a series of three brigade-sized attacks on Hill. These failed in succession as Hills troops held. Sensing danger, Lee committed his final reserve division, led by Major General Richard H. Anderson, to the fight. A fourth Union assault saw the famed Irish Brigade storm forward with its green flags flying and Father William Corby shouting words of conditional absolution.à The stalemate was finally broken when elements of Brigadier General John C. Caldwells brigade succeeded in turning the Confederate right. Taking a knoll that overlooked the road, Union soldiers were able to fire down the Confederate lines and force the defenders to retreat. A brief Union pursuit was halted by Confederate counterattacks. As the scene quieted around 1:00 PM, a great gap had been opened in Lees lines. McClellan, believing that Lee had over 100,000 men, repeatedly refused to commit the over 25,000 men he had in reserve to exploiting the breakthrough despite the fact that Major General William Franklins VI Corps was in position. As a result, the opportunity was lost (Map). Blundering in the South In the south, Burnside, angered by command rearrangements, did not begin moving until around 10:30 AM. As a result, many of the Confederate troops that had originally been facing him were withdrawn to block the other Union attacks. Tasked with crossing the Antietam to support Hookers actions, Burnside was in position to cut off Lees retreat route to Botelers Ford. Ignoring the fact that the creek was fordable at several points, he focused on taking Rohrbachs Bridge while dispatching additional troops downstream to Snavelys Ford (Map) Defended by 400 men and two artillery batteries atop a bluff on the western shore, the bridge became Burnsides fixation as repeated attempts to storm it failed. Finally taken around 1:00 PM, the bridge became a bottleneck which slowed Burnside advance for two hours. The repeated delays permitted Lee to shift troops south to meet the threat. They were supported by the arrival of Major General A.P. Hills division from Harpers Ferry. Attacking Burnside, they shattered his flank. Though possessing greater numbers, Burnside lost his nerve and fell back to the bridge. By 5:30 PM, the fighting had ended. Aftermath of the Battle of Antietam The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day in American military history. Union losses numbered 2,108 killed, 9,540 wounded, and 753 captured/missing while the Confederates suffered 1,546 killed, 7,752 wounded, and 1,018 captured/missing. The next day Lee prepared for another Union attack, but McClellan, still believing he was out-numbered did nothing. Eager to escape, Lee crossed the Potomac back into Virginia. A strategic victory, Antietam allowed President Abraham Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamationà which freed slaves in Confederate territory. Remaining idle at Antietam until late October, despite requests from the War Department to pursue Lee, McClellan was removed command on November 5 and replaced by Burnside two days later. Selected Sources CWSAC Battle Summaries: AntietamAntietam on the Web miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-47587445566633680762020-05-07T00:13:00.001-07:002020-05-07T00:13:40.780-07:00William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay - 590 Words William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet are destined lovers, unfortunately there is a predicament. Romeo is a Montague and Juliet is a Capulet. The Montagues and the Capulets are rivals. This causes untold problems for the two lovers and fate takes over. At the beginning of act3 scene 5, Romeo and Juliet have just spent the night together. Juliet is not sure if she will see Romeo again. She talks to Romeo. ââ¬ËOthin`st thou we shall ever meet againââ¬â¢. Romeo replies. ââ¬ËI doubt it not, and all these woes shall serve foe sweet discourses in our times to comeââ¬â¢. Romeo does not want to go because he will do anything for Juliet. He is even ready to be killed for his love. This is ironicâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Lady Capulet says ââ¬Ëâ⬠¦traitor murderer livesââ¬â¢. She is explaining that Romeo is a traitor and he doesnââ¬â¢t deserve to be alive. Juliet agrees with her mother. ââ¬ËAy madam, from the reach of these my hands would none but I might venge my cousins deathââ¬â¢. Julietââ¬â¢s words makes lady Capulet believe that Juliet has the same opinion as he but the audience know quite clearly that Juliet does not. In this scene many of then characters have different ways in which they speak. The words Romeo and Juliet use are similar to each other. They both mention two themes, love and death as they talk to each other. Shakspeare creates tension in the scene by using what the characters say. When you are watching the play, you always want to know what happens next because it is very interesting. Lady capullet says as she leaves ââ¬Ëtalk not to me, for Iââ¬â¢ll not speak a word. Do as thou wilt, for I have done with theeââ¬â¢.This shows that lady Capulet has no feelings for Juliet because she says that she is done with Juliet and will disown her if she doesnââ¬â¢t do what she says. Lady Cpulet tells Capulet that Juliet refused to marry Paris. Infuriated, Capulet threatens to throw her out of the house if she does not change her mind. A hurdle is a dilemma between two or more people. This is happening in the hatred between the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet confinds in the nurse about her love for Romeo. This showsShow MoreRelated William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1869 Words à |à 8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, love is depicted in several ways. Both Luhrman and Shakespeare represent love in different ways in different contexts to both the Elizabethan era and the contemporary audience. Both the original and later manifestations of the text are valued because they both communicate to the audience on the values of love and society by employing a variety of devices. The central subject dealt within Romeo and Juliet is the subject of love.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet558 Words à |à 2 PagesWilliam Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of two young lovers whose lives are cut short due to the rivalry of their families, the Capulets and the Montagues. The family feud has been present for decades but once Romeo and Juliet meet they are instantaneously in love. Love at first sight some would say. But could love at first sight really be the case? No it could not. There are many things that serve to prove Romeo and Juliet were not in love. At the beginning of the play Romeo isRead MoreGender In Romeo, Juliet And William Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet1500 Words à |à 6 Pagesof masculinity; the ability to act boldly and with purpose. Both directors draw upon the themes of gender to tell their stories subtly and effectively. The theme of gender is significant in both films being contrasted in this essay; William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo + Juliet (Luhrmann Martinelli, 1996) and Hamlet (Davey, Lovell Zeferelli 1990). 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This allows the audience to understand that their deathRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1016 Words à |à 5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Act One Scene Five is such an important scene because its the first time that the two lovers, Romeo and Juliet meet. When they see each other for the first time, they fall in love straight away and is the start of the main point of the play. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time he makes two comments about how pretty she is O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! and I neer saw true beauty till this night, and he miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-63644469467728364152020-05-06T09:08:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:08:15.627-07:00Chapter 2 Ap World History Summary Free Essays Chapter 2 AP World History Summery Each civilization faces challenges from politics to environment and everything in between. This chapter explains how each society became urbanized even though it was very tough. Nubia, China, Olmec, and Chavin are connected though each are separated by millions of miles and geological isolation. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 2 Ap World History Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now In China, dynasties rule all over the land; the Shang dynasty begins Chinaââ¬â¢s history with the rise of power of itââ¬â¢s clans. It contains the earliest recorded writing documents, and they introduced bronze during 2000 B. C. E. The region was ran by a warrior aristocracy who loved warfare, hunting, exchanging, feasting, and wine revelry; the King of Shang always traveled for courts of his subordinates to reinforce their loyalty. Nomadic people that owned desert regions, or steppe lands were given demonstration power also. Religion in the Shang dynasty was enforced, the Kings used divination to determine the will of their ancestors and Gods to win favor. Nubia is located in the Nile River Valley and was over run by the Egyptians because of they have gold mines. After Egypt took charge, Nubia became Kush and adapted the Egyptian culture. Nubia decided to help local Palestine who struggled with the Assyrians in 701 B. C. E. ; this was a mistake because the Assyrians invaded and overthrown Egypt so that made a downfall for Nubia. After a while, Nubia became in control again, they still kept the Egyptian language, however Sub-Saharan culture replaced the Egyptian culture when Meroe became better suited for agriculture and trade. On the other side of the world, the Olmec civilization is completely isolated from the world. Itââ¬â¢s located in Mesoamerica which is one of the most impressive early civilizations. The Kingââ¬â¢s Power was used to make people build large scale irrigation and drainage works, and by the 1000 B. C. E, they have become a civilization. In addition to the geological isolation, Olmec have frequent volcanic eruptions and earth quakes, and mountains that separate the region into micro environments. Evolution developed into urbanization and appearance of powerful political and religious elites. The people were very advanced for their time; they made he calendar and based their urban centers to reflect astronomical observations. The Olmec civilization influenced the Mayans and considered the most influential earliest Mesoamerican civilization. The most impressive early Urban South American civilization is Chavin. Itââ¬â¢s home to the most dense population. Maize increased the food supply of the coast and interior foothills, thus, allowing greater leverage for civilization. Th ey have a form of political integration and trade dependency on itââ¬â¢s neighbors that may have relied on military force. Their religion was based on praising their royal ancestors and gods that can take on animal form. The most praised animal is the Jaguar; human sacrifices were made at temple platforms. These civilizations became very complex as they advance with technologies, science, and math mathematics. Power was taken away, and given to in each society, and some are diminishing before us. They may be separated and isolated from each other by mountains, water, and hemispheres, but that doesnââ¬â¢t separate the development of each economic institutions politically, socially, and economically. How to cite Chapter 2 Ap World History Summary, Essay examples miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-48491599473507716662020-04-27T01:51:00.001-07:002020-04-27T01:51:02.222-07:00The Outsiders Greaser Character Description free essay sample The Greaser Gang Ponyboy Curtis The youngest Curtis brother, 14 years old. He is the narrator of the story. Ponyboy is very smart and interested in culture and movies, different from his other brothers. Ponyboy gets good grades and due to that he doesnââ¬â¢t get along with Darryl (Darry) his older brother because Darry wants to push Ponyboy to be good in school unlike him and his other brother Soda. He loves his brother Sodapop more than he even loved his own mom and dad. He is the only member of the gang who is smart and is a good student. Sodapop Curtis ââ¬â The middle Curtis brother, 16 years old. He gets along with Ponyboy and Darry. He is very sweet, smiley and ââ¬Å"happy-go-luckyâ⬠and always is there to break up fights between Darry and Ponyboy. He is a very bad student and recently has dropped out of school. However Soda is very handsome, in Ponyboyââ¬â¢s words: ââ¬Å"movie-star handsomeâ⬠. We will write a custom essay sample on The Outsiders Greaser Character Description or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He has a girlfriend called Sandy that he wants to marry. He is waiting until Ponyboy gets out of school and Sandy graduates so they can get married. Soda works at the gas station and he is also waiting to get a better job before he gets married. Darryl Curtis ââ¬â The oldest of the Curtis brothers, 20 years old. He has been caring for his brothers since their parents died in a car crash so he now took the ââ¬Å"Parent Roleâ⬠in Sodapop and Ponyboyââ¬â¢s life. He is six-feet-two, a broad-shouldered and muscular. Darryl is always expecting more from Ponyboy than he is from Sodapop because he knows that Ponyboy has more potential. He has dark-brown hair and Blue-Greenish eyes. He has a tough/cool attitude and Ponyboy sometimes thinks he too uptight. Johnny ââ¬â Not a Curtis brother, he is another gang member. 16 years old. His full name is Johnny Cade. He doesnt have brothers and he is abused and neglected by parents at home. He is very shy and is considered the ââ¬Å"mascotâ⬠of the gang. The gang is kind of like his family, they are the ones that provide him the love and affection that he doesnââ¬â¢t get at home. He is very vulnerable , one of the reasons might be because he was previously jumped by 4 Socs and now he is very afraid of everything; quoting Ponyboy: ââ¬Å"afraid of his own shadowâ⬠. Even though Ponyboy is the youngest greaser the gang treats Johnny as if it were him. He is smaller than the rest of the gang and he has jet-black hair and a very tanned face. He also has big black eyes that often show suspicion or nervous. Two-Bit ââ¬â Another Gang member, he is 18, the oldest gang member that isnââ¬â¢t a Curtis. His real name is Keith Mathews and he is about 6 feet tall. He had a greyish tone of eyes and is always smiling with a wide grin. He has extremely long side burns compares to other gang members. He took life in a way that he didnââ¬â¢t worry because for him it was all a joke. He is mostly famous for shoplifting and his black-handled switchblade. He liked fights, blondes and incredibly: school; It was probably because he also didnââ¬â¢t take it seriously. He was also a very funny guy and he always wanted to be the last to have a say, thus the nickname: Two-Bit. Steve ââ¬âSteve is 17 years old, another gang member. His full name is Steve Randle. He is Sodaââ¬â¢s best friend. He and Soda are co-workers in the gas station. Steve knows everything about cars and he is intelligent. He is tall and skinny/lean but he can also be tough. He dislikes Ponyboy a lot and thinks that he is very annoying because he thinks of Ponyboy as the one who is always dragged in everything the gang does and he might think of Ponyboy as ââ¬Å"competitionâ⬠for Sodaââ¬â¢s friendship. Dally ââ¬â Dallas Winston (Dally) is the toughest guy on the gang. His appearance resembles an ferocious/dangerous animal. Quoting Ponyboy: ââ¬Å"He has an elfish face with high cheekbones and pointed chin. {â⬠¦} Small, sharp animal teeth and ears like a lynx. {â⬠¦} His hair was so blonde that it seemed white. {â⬠¦} His eyes were blue, blazing ice, cold with hatred {â⬠¦}â⬠. Dally was arrested at the age of 10, so growing up for him might have been really tough. He often got drunk, rode in rodeos, lied, cheated, stole, jumped small kids so it is obvious that he had a very bad status/reputation. Even though he committed lots of crimes we was actually quite smart and very respected by the others members of the gang. Ponyboy didnââ¬â¢t like him very much because of his attitude. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-42898285709029151922020-03-19T05:08:00.001-07:002020-03-19T05:08:03.599-07:00Word Choice Cite vs. SiteWord Choice Cite vs. Site Word Choice: Cite vs. Site It can be difficult to pick the right words all the time, especially since terms like cite and site sound very similar. However, using correct terminology can gain you valuable marks on your papers, so it is worth learning about easily confused words. Cite (Quote or Reference) The term cite is very important in academic circles, as it means reference: Citing sources clearly is a fundamental part of academic writing. When you quote another authors work, or even paraphrase their ideas, you will need to cite the work you are referring to. Less formally, cite can simply mean to mention in support of something. For instance: Hamish argued that the Scottish are clearly smarter than the English, citing several examples of prominent Scottish inventors. Site (A Place or Position) The term site is mostly used to refer to locations, meaning place or position. As such, you may talk about the site of a house or hospital. You can also use it as a verb, such as if you are discussing where to site a building. Of course, these days site can also be short for website. This is similar to the original meaning of site given above, but refers to the location of a page on the internet, rather than a physical location. Cite or Site? Since cite and site have such different meanings, the main trick is remembering how each one is spelled: Cite (with a c) = Quote or reference something Site (with an s) = The location or position of something Proofreading It can be difficult to spot mistakes like those above, especially when you have been working on a piece of writing for a long time. So why not send it to the professionals at Proofed? We will check your paper for errors and send back a copy showing the changes made, along with helpful comments to help you improve your work. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-10086796307430011692020-03-02T20:53:00.001-08:002020-03-02T20:53:02.863-08:00Being Brave The Essay Expertââ¬â¢s New Yearââ¬â¢s RessaylutionsBeing Brave The Essay Expertââ¬â¢s New Yearââ¬â¢s Ressaylutions Every year in January, I make New Yearââ¬â¢s Resolutions and report them to you, my 1800 or so readers. For anyone whoââ¬â¢s serious about resolutions, making them is brave. First of all, we need to do some honest assessment of whatââ¬â¢s working and not working in our lives and businesses. We need to consider where we want to head in the next year. Serious resolutions mean the year is going to be a challenge. Of course many of us make our resolutions and then promptly forget about them or give up on them. They are not real to us. But thatââ¬â¢s not what Iââ¬â¢m talking about here. Making New Yearââ¬â¢s Resolutions publicly holds me accountable! As some of you know, I report both my wins and my fails for the year in August and January. This transparency helps me get a lot of things done (though not everything I promise, as you will see below) and encourages me to continually assess and reassess my goals and progress. Hereââ¬â¢s what happened in 2013: My 2013 ââ¬Å"Ressaylutionsâ⬠and results were as follows: Publish a Spanish-language version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. Not done. After full consideration of the possibility, I decided it would be untenable to keep up with all the updates of content and images in a foreign-language version of the book as well as an English-language version! Project tabled indefinitely. Publish a 50 Resume Tips book. DONE! In fact, I published two: How to Write a WINNING Resume and How to Write a STELLAR Executive Resume. They have been selling fairly well on Amazon ââ¬â and many resume writers and clients have told me they are very helpful. I have one job seeker who updated her resume based on the book and promptly got a job! Obtain my CMRW (Certified Master Resume Writer Certification, offered by CDI). DONE! Increase the college essay / personal statement portion of my business to 25% of total business. Iââ¬â¢m still at 10%. However, realizing that I was not going to make this goal, I have already put some things into place for 2014, and I will be focusing even more on building this aspect of my business. Start a training for resume writers. This one got put on the back burner as I completed my e-books. Tabled for now but might come up again in 2014. Ressaylutions for 2014: Increase college essay / personal statement portion of my business to 25% of business (carried over from last year for a second go). Some steps already taken in the right direction: Speaking at the NRWA Conference in Denver about how to write a standout college essay. Getting interviews for a widely circulated newspaper talking about college essays (publication still pending). And advertising a new summer program for rising high school seniors to work on their writing skills and personal statement topics (Let me know if you have a student who would like to participate). Roll out a new ââ¬Å"responsiveâ⬠(mobile-friendly) website. I have already hired web designers and they are hard at work! Choose a CRM and project management system. The Essay Expert and my assistant Jeanne Goodman do entirely too much record-keeping by hand. I will be investigating CRM and project management systems this year to determine whether there is one that will make our lives easier over here at The Essay Expert! Serve 250 clients. This year The Essay Expert worked with 200 clients to find new jobs, get into school, and achieve business results. Iââ¬â¢m aiming to increase that number by 25%! Generate 214 success stories. I havenââ¬â¢t given up on collecting 200+ client success stories. This year we reached 122 (up from 109 in 2012). Iââ¬â¢m planning to increase client numbers next year (see #4) so there will be a better chance of increasing the number of success stories. Please share yours if you havenââ¬â¢t already! What are your New Yearââ¬â¢s Resolutions and how will you hold yourself accountable? Please share! Category:Life and LeadershipBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 13, 2014 3 Comments Scott Becher says: January 14, 2014 at 12:33 am Wonderful and impressive goals Brenda. Log in to Reply Scott says: January 15, 2014 at 10:01 am Have your expectations ever been disappointed by the outcome of your goals that you had no control over? Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 15, 2014 at 10:34 am Ever? Im sure they have! The trick is to adjust and come up with new goals! All I have control over is my own actions and how I respond to what happens around me. Log in to Reply miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-33700652328608754322020-02-15T12:19:00.001-08:002020-02-15T12:19:02.270-08:00A sustainable nightclub in London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 wordsA sustainable nightclub in London - Essay Example These words represent the essence of the challenge of sustainability, which nowadays is one of the major themes in scientific discussions and political debates. The term ââ¬Å"sustainabilityâ⬠was initially coined by agricultural and ecological scientists, they understood it as the ââ¬Å"sustainability of natural ecosystemsâ⬠and defined as ââ¬Å"the dynamic equilibrium between natural inputs and outputs, modified by external events such as climatic change and natural disastersâ⬠. Today the sustainability is understood more broadly; it is generally applied to various socio-economical systems and includes ââ¬Å"the capacity of a system to maintain output at a level approximately equal to or greater than its historical average, with the approximation determined by the historical level of variabilityâ⬠. As one can see from the Meadowââ¬â¢s formulation, the sustainabilityââ¬â¢s challenge is closely related to the sustainable development, which in its turn is understood as a ââ¬Å"development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirationsâ⬠. Dominski et al suggest one more important meaning of the sustainability as a ââ¬Å"dynamic balance among three mutually interdependent elements: protection and enhancement of natural ecosystems and resources; economic productivity; and provision of social infrastructures such as jobs, housing, education, medical care and cultural opportunitiesâ⬠. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-50304614380007337312020-02-02T08:30:00.001-08:002020-02-02T08:30:02.840-08:00International marketing Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 wordsInternational marketing - Dissertation Example The main focus of an interpretive approach is on processes which help in surfacing up the meanings and negotiating them (Schwandt, 1999). Interpretive approach focuses on the individual and uses one of among several qualitative data collection techniques and analysis processes. This approach further branch out into several other approaches, having different views (Alvesson and Skoldberg, 2000; Lindlof, 1995). The one used in this research is Hermeneutic; which according to Martin and Sugarman (2001) is an approach which ââ¬Å"moves beyond both scientism and social constructionist, accepting the self-interpreting nature of humans within their social-cultural context, but not reducing them completely to these originsâ⬠. Hermeneutics can be considered as an approach which enables the researcher to further explore the meaning of the desired topic so as to get an in-depth understanding of it (Alvesson & Skoldberg, 2000). This approach is subjective and uses more personal qualitative techniques. It focuses more on comprehending the situation involved and analysis of qualitative data (Gummesson, 2000). According to Patton (2002), the qualitative data can be collected by means of interviews; structured or semi structured; documents and observations. For this research, data was collected by conducting semi structured interviews. This technique was employed owing to the fact that the research so far done in this area has data and results that have certainly become outdated. Thus to emanate more latest information from within the concerned industries so that it could be useful for further study and exploration, interviews were done which would yield rather up to date and more interesting facts. These interviews have helped the... From this research it is clear that every country has its own communication pattern. For the success of an international business there is a strong need of focusing on relationship development that is ââ¬Å"an integrated effort to identify, build up and maintain a network of relationships with employees, inter-organizational partners and customers for mutual benefitâ⬠which significantly require a well thought integrated communication strategy. Thus success of Mc Donaldââ¬â¢s working in over 115 countries simultaneously can be taken as an example of it modification of selling and communication techniques to effectively communicate with its various stakeholders. Owing to the importance of relationship building among various stakeholders with varied cultural background, comprehending the role of communication is essential for any company with international business. The intercultural barriers can be effectively removed by imporved and adapted and selling process accordingly be cause if not it leads to the widening of gap between the two culturally different parties thus affecting the rapport of the company, personal bonding and log term compatibility which in turn can badly impact the marketing efforts of the company thus it becomes essentially significant for any company to first analyze the communication pattern of the country it wants to work in and then build the relationship by appropriate communication channel and thus communication. According to the second respondent, they have well established guidelines for conducting marketing in varied countries, however, owing to the fact that culture varies these guidelines are modified accordingly. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-53904771620603759142020-01-25T04:54:00.001-08:002020-01-25T04:54:02.542-08:00Free Essays - Changes in Achilles of The Iliad :: Iliad essaysChanges in Achilles of The Iliad There are times in my own life in which I realize that a goal that I have been pursuing rigorously is really not worth my time and effort, or that the way I have been pursuing that particular goal is not the most effective way. After I come to these realizations I find it helpful, if not necessary, to step back and analyze the situation. This is what happened to Achilles throughout the first sixteen books of the epic. At first Achilles had a set of clearly defined goals, he was to fight side by side with the Achaeans, sack Troy, and, by doing these things, gain honor and wealth. As the war progressed a series of events took place that forced Achilles to step out of the fight. While he was inactive and had time to contemplate, he came to the realization that he had been fighting for nine years for the sake of a man whose woman has been stolen; now that his woman had been stolen no one fights for his sake. He also realizes that there are other, less risky ways of obtaining wealth and honor, including sending Patroklus out in his armor. Another thing he ponders on, but doesn't seem to take seriously, is whether or not honor is really worth the struggle. All these changes of mind take place throughout book nine in which the embassy composed of Aias, Odysseus, and Phoenix visits Achilles. By the time the embassy arrived at his hut Achilles had been toying with the idea of returning to his homeland and abandoning the struggle for wealth and honor. Because of the embassy Achilles' mind was changed, probably due to a sense of camaraderie, and he decides to stay but fight only if the struggle reaches his own camp. At this height of the epic we see that Achilles is still very much concerned with wealth and honor, the question now is "how to accomplish his goal". Achilles is aware of a few things and this puts him at an advantage over the rest. He knows that he will eventually be honored and that Agamemnon's debt to him will eventually be paid; he knows this because Athena had promised it to him if he didn't kill Agamemnon. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-36413966279510948112020-01-17T01:18:00.001-08:002020-01-17T01:18:04.415-08:00Is the Use of Tasers a NecessityName Essay Course Teacher Date Tasers: A Necessity In a society where crime exists such as robbers, burglars, shoplifters, or worse, black market sellers of drugs, electronic devices or designer products. Law enforcement is needed to maintain order which requires a method that is effective to apprehend suspects while keeping injuries to a minimum instead of using guns to solve every situation. Luckily the adoption of Tasers ââ¬â by industry standards as electronic controlled device (ECD) or Conducted Energy Weapon (CEW) ââ¬â allows the law enforcement to apprehend a suspect without having to involve themselves in a close-range combative battle.Charlie Mesloh, a university professor at Florida Gulf Coast, Mark Henych, a researcher at Advanced Research Solutions, and Ross Wolf, a criminal justice professor at the University of Central Florida claim that the Tasers is a less-lethal weapon that inflicts a current of electricity throughout the body of the individual which temporar ily causes the loss of muscle control (25). TASER International, the inventors of ECD claims this as Neuromuscular Incapacitation (NMI) (1).TASER International asserts, ââ¬Å"[t]he human nervous system communicates with simple electrical impulses . . . TASER technology uses similar electrical impulses to cause stimulation of the sensory and motor nervesâ⬠(1). Though there are many controversies on the use of Tasers in BC, it is still a much needed device to keep the community safe. Tasers has been shunned upon by many people in British Columbia because of the storyââ¬â¢s circulating around and all the news reports on this tiny device.The most famous and memorable story would be the incident that happened at the Vancouver International Airport to Robert Dziekanski. CBC news reports that the video is in three segments, the first segment shows Dziekanski before police arrives being very agitated and yelling in Polish and seems to be very nervous, the second segment shows Dzie kanski picking up a computer then throwing it to the ground, then ââ¬Å"[t]hree airport personnel arrive and block the exit from the secure area, but Dziekanski retreats inside and does not threaten themâ⬠(#).The third and final segment shows four RCMP officers arriving on scene and ââ¬Å"can be heard mentioning the word Tasersâ⬠(#). Someone can also be heard responding ââ¬Å"Yesâ⬠to the question (#). Police have said repeatedly that there were only three RCMP officers involved in the incident, but the video shows four men in RCMP uniforms. People in the lounge can be heard clearly telling the police Dziekanski speaks no English, only Russian. His mother later said he only spoke Polish. Police enter the secure area with no problems and an be seen with Dziekanski standing calmly talking with officers. They appear to direct him to stand against a wall, which he does. As he is standing there, one of the officers shoots him with a Taser . . . officers have also said police did not use pepper spray because of the large number of people at the airport at the time. But the video shows Dziekanski standing alone with the four officers in an otherwise empty area, which is separated from the public area by a thick glass wall. (CBC #)After the Taser shots, the sound from Dziekanski stopped and became silent, an officer can be heard saying, ââ¬Å"code redâ⬠after checking on his condition and ââ¬Å"minutes later, ambulance attendants arrived but their efforts to revive Dziekanski were unsuccessful and he was declared deadâ⬠(#). There are also other incidents that has happened in the past few years and there are definitely cases of misuse with this device which brings about the misconception people get from Tasers, but even though some tragic events happen, it is still one of the safest alternative to bring a healthy environment to everyone.There are people who strongly believe Tasers should be banned, however, banning Tasers will only resu lt in more injuries during arrests. David Hambling, a respected free lance writer on technology and military states, ââ¬Å"[a] recent study in the American Journal of Public Health looked at 24, 000 cases in which police officers had used force, including Tasers, pepper spray, batons and manual methods . . . the study found that Taser use reduced the overall risk of injury by 65 percent.In other words, restricting Taser use could triple the number of injuries caused in this sort of incidentâ⬠(1). Misconceptions on the use of Taser led to a comment by a person who goes by the name ââ¬Å"the disturberâ⬠on CBC news website, he says, ââ¬Å"what's wrong with people when they [start] using devices that can pump out over 1500 volts for self defence that's just not cool. [D]oesn't any one remember the guy who got [tasered] 5 times at the air port because he wasn't ââ¬Å"co-operatingâ⬠with the security; wasn't he killed because of the shock? I] think that they should be banned from use for a less [lethal] item like pepper sprayâ⬠(#). Pepper sprays can not be used in closed areas because it will effect innocent bystanders, also, as Jim Wilkinson, the Vice President of the site Your Greatest Protection declares, ââ¬Å"[pepper spray] works longer than Tasers or stun guns, it will cause coughing and choking, and it burns really bad . . . [s]tun guns work by disabling the nervous and the muscular system but only for a few moments. Pepper spray works by causing pain, blindness, and choking for up to 30 minutesâ⬠(1).Tasers only neutralize the suspect for several seconds which allows police to seize the suspect in that time and wouldn't cause the suspect to suffocate for ââ¬Å"30 minutes. â⬠Additionally, there are also many cases where the misuse of pepper spray also caused deaths. Just one mistake with the Taser will bring many people to disagree with the product, but if Taser were really banned, the law enforcement will be forced to use close-range strategies or guns just like in the video Back From The Brink, where Suisun City had to use 52% of the police budget to try and handle the problems in the crime-ridden crescent (video).Any sort of weapons can result in injuries if not used properly, Tasers included, but if used effectively, it will be the best weapon out there to safely neutralize a suspect and bringing a safe community. The incidents revolving around Tasers has angered the general public and as a result, the RCMP invoked strict new rules and training effective May of 2010. The Tasers operational manual provided by the RCMP states, ââ¬Å"[m]embers certified to use the CEW must re-certify annually . . . m]embers whose CEW certification has lapsed must not use the CEW operationally until the re-certification training has been completedâ⬠(1). Every part of the Taser is also approved by the RCMP before being released in public. RCMP members must verbally let the subject know the CEW is about to be deployed (3). Additionally, whenever a member takes a CEW it must be thoroughly checked for damages, if no damages are found, a spark test will be conducted, if damages were found, it will be removed with haste and sent to qualified personnelââ¬â¢s (4).Any time the CEW is used it will be recorded down and supervisors will be notified (4). Many strict rules were set in motion to ensure the safety of the user and the subject as well as strict training methods to make the misuse of this product nonexistent. The operational manual also educates that ââ¬Å"[m]ultiple deployment or continuous cycling of the CEW may be hazardous to a subject. Unless situational factors dictate otherwise, members must not cycle the CEW for more than 5 seconds on a subject and will avoid multiple deploymentsâ⬠(3).These new rules and regulations allow for members to thoroughly know the Tasers and assures the correct methods of use is performed. Tasers has been a very controversial device throughout Canada, especially when RCMP officers handle them. The major issue surrounding Tasers is that the citizens feel Tasers is a form of torture while others feel it is a necessary device to keep the community safe.Tasers could be lethal if used the wrong way, but even then Tasers will still be much safer compared to a gun as well as more incapacitating than the pepper spray, also would not cause suffocation to the suspect at hand. If Tasers were taken away, it will only result in more injuries given to the suspect or the officer. When an officer uses the Taser, they must show that their actions were reasonable and just, but good training, as always, is the key to effective use of Taser and to keep our neighborhood friendly. (1446 words) miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-89077687731721840662020-01-08T21:39:00.001-08:002020-01-08T21:39:03.541-08:00Guidelines on grading a paper When you read someones paper, you read the thoughts and ideas that this person had during writing. And it is very important to grade the writing properly. The common mistake that readers make is their grading the paper according to the personality that turned that paper in. And when doing that, the fairness of the grade is under a big question. We behave ourselves according to the society and of course we fall under the societal influence while being in class. But the paper one hands in, is the reflection of ones true personality and character. So this is why we must grade what we have read and felt about it, and not what we have experienced in the past. We should pay attention to the style of the written paper to be sure that the paper is written by a particular, writer and not plagiarized. The other thing you should make notice of is the grammar part. Because the grammar reflects how keen was the writer to write this paper and how much time did he spend on it. Try to pay as much attention to the words, phrases and sentences as possible. Also examine the word order and expressions used in the paper. The main purpose of the paper should be clear and exact in order not to get in a confusion of any type. Everything is supposed to be logically grounded, simple and understandable for the reader. The beginning of the paper must have at least 4 general statements. But then it is supposed to get more concrete. When you read the paper you should draw the outline in your mind, to make sure that this paper was planned and then written, otherwise the outline will be either too simple or too difficult to picture. Speaking in general, the gist of the paper should have sense and a particular opinion must be written, properly supported and presented. While writing a paper people use to have one common mistake they unconsciously retell the story mentioned in the source or in the requirements. If this happens correct the writer who made such a mistake and make a proper mark for him. I hope that with the help of these directions, you will be able to grade papers properly and fair. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-80093808307296643282019-12-31T18:05:00.001-08:002019-12-31T18:05:04.100-08:00Misleading Perfume and Cologne Advertising Essay - 786 Words Misleading Perfume and Cologne Advertising You sit down to watch one of your favorite TV shows one night and you see it, one of those perfume commercials. On the screen you see a beautiful woman walking up a flight of stairs in an elegant dress with diamonds hanging from her ears and neck. Her face is a picture of perfection, with a slight hint of a beautiful smile. Entering on the left of the screen is a man in a black tuxedo he; wraps his arms around her and kisses her passionately on the lips. They both look at the screen and smile. On the bottom of the screen is a small bottle marked with a label of a recognizable perfume company. Now coming back into reality from the mesmerizing commercial, consider what affectâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This commercial is controversial and unrealistic simply by the fact that no sane woman would be in any way attracted to a department store mannequin. However, these advertisements prompted many males nationwide to go out and buy Axe body products hoping to get similar results. ââ¬Å" Ross Lovern, a 14-year-old spray user in New York City, says he and his friends decided to go to the drugstore and buy Axe after watching a commercial on MTV featuring a woman crawling all over a mannequin that had just been sprayed with the product. The ad, says Ross, made him think, ââ¬ËThis is the perfect deodorant for me.ââ¬â¢ Ross used Axe at co-ed sleep-away camp last summer and now puts it on every day ââ¬Å"(Beatty, 2004). Even though or maybe because of, the commercial being an extreme exaggeration it created sales. The main object of this approach is that sex sells. There is no question that the use of sexual images motivates people to purchase certain items. Fragrance companies use this fact to their advantage, using attractive women in erotic settings to push fragrances that may perhaps be lagging in sales. Most companies in fact will drop a large sum of money on these commercials to create an alluring image of the perfect scent. For instance, in an article by, Stephanie Thompson (2003) she tells us ââ¬Å"that Ralph Lauren spent roughly $15 million into a push for his fragrance blue in an effort to reach mainstream women with an updated version of its now-laggingShow MoreRelated Advertising - Selling a Lot More than Just a Product Essay2583 Words à |à 11 PagesToday, advertisers use the influence of gender and sex to sell various products to consumers, resulting in unrealistic expectations of men and women to society. According to Vernon Fryburger, author of the book The New Age of Advertising, ââ¬Å"The most important job for advertising is to ââ¬Å"make a saleâ⬠for a product or a service, and to do so it must clearly establish a rapport with its audience, which means that it must consciously stay within relatively narrow bounds of acceptability in terms of languageRead MoreAdvertising Is Legalised Form of Lying3971 Words à |à 16 PagesAdvertising, generally speaking, is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually performed by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion. Advertising involves the process where in a massage is designed so as to promote a product, a thought, an idea or even a service. The concept of advertising has assumed a dynamic formRead MoreSetting Product Strategy8596 Words à |à 35 Pagesthat companies should recognize that these items ________ in the potential for being priced higher or advertised more as ways to increase sales, margins, or both. a. differ b. are more elastic c. are less elastic d. respond to advertising differently e. none of the above Answer: a Page: 383 Level of difficulty: Easy 34. A benefit of product mapping is that it identifies ________. a. market matrixes b. target markets c. market segments d. consumers Read Moretest bank16982 Words à |à 68 Pages________ industries to create greater competition and growth opportunities. A) created mass market B) deregulated C) scientifically segmented D) open-market E) regulated 16) ______ 17) A firm can ________ only in the long run. A) modify advertising expenditures B) reduce its sales-force size C) develop new products D) change its price E) All of the above may be done in the short or long run. 17) ______ 18) The ________ is a long channel stretching from raw materials to componentsRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words à |à 696 Pagesconsists of a 70-30 services-to-goods mix. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 83) Place marketers include economic development specialists, real estate agents, commercial banks, local business associations, and advertising and public relations agencies. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 6 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 84) Properties are tangible rights of ownership to either real property (real estate) or financial property (stocks and bonds). Answer: FALSE Page Ref:Read MoreMarketing Management Mcq Test Bank53975 Words à |à 216 Pagesfamiliar with the latter and does not hesitate in choosing Bosch. This example implies that ________. A) the imported brand will not survive the competition from Bosch B) Bosch has a positive customer brand equity C) the South Korean company has a low advertising budget D) the imported brand is unreliable E) the Bosch washing machine has better features than the imported brand Answer: B Page Ref: 244 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Easy 2 Copyright à © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. PublishingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words à |à 702 Pages161 175 177 190 203 220 233 251 267 ix x â⬠¢ Contents PART V NOTABLE MARKETING SUCCESSES 281 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Southwest Airlines: Success Is Finally Contested Nike: A Powerhouse Brand Vanguard: Is Advertising Really Needed? 283 302 319 PART VI ETHICAL MISTAKES Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Merckââ¬â¢s Vioxx: Catastrophe and Other Problems MetLife: Deceptive Sales Practices Ford Explorers with Firestone Tires: A Killer Scenario Ill miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-64571935799279411042019-12-23T13:52:00.001-08:002019-12-23T13:52:03.063-08:00Synthesis And Characterization Of Hap / Mgo Nanocomposite... Synthesis and Characterization of HAP/MgO Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications V.Vijayalakshmi a*, M.Rajkumar b , S.Vignesh raj c , M.Sathish b a Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode. b P.S.G College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore. c P.S.G. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore. Email ID: vijiphysics007@gmail.com Abstract: In this study, a novel method was used to produce a nanostructured composite consisting of hydroxyapatite and MgO by varying the temperature. The structure and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite were characterized. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, an increase in crystallite size and degree of crystallinity with an increase in the temperature was observed. The XRD investigation confirms that the grain size of the synthesized nanocomposite is in the range 4-11nm. The grain size increases when the temperature is increased due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirm the presence of PO43-, CO32- and Mg2+, and OH- groups. The UV-VIS Spectroscopy measurements show the reduction in the band-gap upon the temperature. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images ascertained that nano HAP/MgO at 2500C and 3000C composite shows flakes like morphology. 1. Introduction Among all calcium phosphate bioceramics, hydroxyapatite (HAP), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, is the most extensively used biocompatible ceramic materials for bone tissue engineering, as its chemical compositionShow MoreRelatedSynthesis And Characterization Of Ha / Alumina1937 Words à |à 8 PagesSynthesis and Characterization of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications V.Vijayalakshmi a*, P.Dhanasekaran a, M.Sathish b a Department of Physics, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode, India. b Department of Physics, P.S.G College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India. Email ID: vijiphysics007@gmail.com Abstract: In this study, HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites were successfully prepared by using hydrothermal method at 2500C. The mechanisms of composite formation miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-62544319266936721562019-12-15T10:22:00.001-08:002019-12-15T10:22:03.472-08:00Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four Free Essays string(42) " a dark corner as panic raced through me\." Avery was a spirit user. ââ¬Å"Oh shit.â⬠I sat back down on the bed, my mind reeling. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four or any similar topic only for you Order Now Iââ¬â¢d never seen it coming. Hell, no one had. Avery had made a good show of being an air user. Each Moroi had a very low level of control in each element. Sheââ¬â¢d just barely done enough with air to make it seem like that was her specialization. No one had questioned her further because honestly, who would have ever expected another spirit user around? And since she was out of school, she had no reason to be tested anymore or forced to demonstrate her ability. No one was there to call her on it. The more I thought about it, the more the little signs were there. The charming personality, the way she could talk people into anything. How many of her interactions were spirit controlled? And was it possibleâ⬠¦ was it possible that Adrianââ¬â¢s attraction had been compulsion on her part? I had no reason to feel happy about that, butâ⬠¦ well, I did. More to the point, what did Avery want with Lissa? Avery compelling Adrian into liking her wasnââ¬â¢t too out there. He was good-looking and came from an important family. He was the queenââ¬â¢s great-nephew, and although family members of the current monarch could never inherit the throne immediately afterward, heââ¬â¢d have a good future, one that would always keep him in the highest circles of society. But Lissa? What was Averyââ¬â¢s game there? What did she have to gain? Lissaââ¬â¢s behavior all made sense now-the uncharacteristic partying, weird moods, jealousy, fights with Christianâ⬠¦ Avery was pushing Lissa over the edge, causing her to make horrible choices. Avery was using some sort of compulsion to spin Lissa out of control, alienating her and putting her life in danger. Why? What did Avery want? It didnââ¬â¢t matter. The why wasnââ¬â¢t important. The how was, as in how I was going to get out of here and back to my best friend. I looked down at myself, at the delicate silk dress I wore. Suddenly, I hated it. It was a sign of how Iââ¬â¢d been, weak and useless. I hastily took it off and ransacked my closet. Theyââ¬â¢d taken away my jeans and T-shirt, but Iââ¬â¢d at least been allowed to keep my hoodie. I put on the green sweater dress, seeing as it was the sturdiest thing I had, feeling moderately more capable. I slipped the hoodie on over it. It hardly made me feel like a badass warrior, but I did feel more competent. Sufficiently dressed for action, I returned to the living room and started that pacing that tended to help me think better-not that I had any reason to believe I was going to come up with new ideas. Iââ¬â¢d been trying to for days and days with no luck. Nothing was going to change. ââ¬Å"Damn it!â⬠I yelled, feeling better with the outburst. Angry, I flounced into the desk chair, amazed that I hadnââ¬â¢t simply thrown it against the wall in my frustration. The chair wobbled, ever so slightly. Frowning, I stood up and looked at it. Everything else in this place was state-of-the-art. Odd that Iââ¬â¢d have a faulty chair. I knelt down and examined it more closely. There, on one of the legs, was a crack near where the leg joined with the seat. I stared. All of the furniture here was industrial strength, with no obvious joints. I should know, seeing how long Iââ¬â¢d beat this chair against the wall when I first arrived. I hadnââ¬â¢t even dented it. Where had this crack come from? Slamming it over and over had done nothing. But I hadnââ¬â¢t been the only one to hit it. That very first day, Iââ¬â¢d fought with Dimitri and come after him with the chair. Heââ¬â¢d taken it from me and thrown it against the wall. Iââ¬â¢d never paid attention to it again, having given up on breaking it. When Iââ¬â¢d later tried cracking the window, Iââ¬â¢d used an end table because it was heavier. My strength hadnââ¬â¢t been able to damage the chair-but his had. I picked up the chair and immediately slammed it into that diamond-hard window, half-hoping I might kill two birds with one stone. Nope. Both remained intact. So I did it again. And again. I lost track of how many times I slammed that chair into the glass. My hands hurt, and I knew despite my recovery, I still wasnââ¬â¢t at full strength. It was infuriating. Finally, on what felt like my gazillionth try, I looked at the chair and saw the crack had grown bigger. The progress renewed my will and strength. I hit and hit, ignoring the pain as the wood bit into my hands. At long last, I heard a crack, and the leg broke off. I picked it up and stared in amazement. The break hadnââ¬â¢t been clean. It was splintered and sharp. Sharp enough to be a stake? I wasnââ¬â¢t sure. But I knew for a fact that wood was hard, and if I used enough force, I might be able to hit a Strigoiââ¬â¢s heart. It wouldnââ¬â¢t kill one, but the blow would stun. I didnââ¬â¢t know if itââ¬â¢d be enough to get me out of here, but it was all I had now. And it was a hell of a lot more than Iââ¬â¢d had one hour ago. I sat back on the bed, recovering from my battle with the chair and tossing the makeshift stake back and forth. Okay. I had a weapon now. But what could I do with it? Dimitriââ¬â¢s face flashed in my mindââ¬â¢s eye. Damn it. There was no question about it. He was the obvious target, the one Iââ¬â¢d have to deal with first. The door suddenly clicked open, and I looked up with alarm. Quickly, I shoved the chair into a dark corner as panic raced through me. You read "Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four" in category "Essay examples" No, no. I wasnââ¬â¢t ready. I hadnââ¬â¢t fully convinced myself to stake him. It was Inna. She carried a tray but didnââ¬â¢t wear her usual subservient expression. The brief look she gave me was filled with hate. I didnââ¬â¢t know what she had to be pissed off about. It wasnââ¬â¢t like Iââ¬â¢d caused her any damage. Yet. I strode over like I was going to examine the tray. Lifting the lid, I saw a ham sandwich and french fries. It looked good-I hadnââ¬â¢t eaten in a while -but the adrenaline running through me had shoved any appetite I might have to the background. I glanced back up at her, smiling sweetly. She shot me daggers. Donââ¬â¢t hesitate, Dimitri had always said. I didnââ¬â¢t. I jumped at Inna, throwing her so hard against the floor that her head slammed back. She looked dazed, but quickly recovered and tried to fight back. I wasnââ¬â¢t drugged up this time-well, not much-and my years of training and natural strength finally showed themselves again. I pressed my body against her, keeping her firmly in place. Then, I produced the stake Iââ¬â¢d had concealed and pressed those sharp points against her neck. It was like being back in the days of pinning Strigoi in alleys. She couldnââ¬â¢t see that my weapon was a chair leg, but the sharp points got her attention as I dug them into her throat. ââ¬Å"The code,â⬠I said. ââ¬Å"What is the code?â⬠Her only response was a string of obscenities in Russian. Okay, not a surprise, considering she probably didnââ¬â¢t understand me. I flipped through the meager Russian-English dictionary in my head. Iââ¬â¢d been in the country long enough to pick up some vocabulary. Admittedly, it was equivalent to a two-year-oldââ¬â¢s, but even they could communicate. ââ¬Å"Numbers,â⬠I said in Russian. ââ¬Å"Door.â⬠At least, thatââ¬â¢s what I hoped I said. She said more impolite things to me, her expression defiant. It really was the Strigoi interrogation all over. My stake bit harder, drawing blood, and I forcibly restrained myself. I might question whether I had the strength to pierce a Strigoi heart with this, but severing a humanââ¬â¢s vein? Cake. She faltered a little, apparently realizing the same thing. Again, I attempted my broken Russian. ââ¬Å"Kill you. No Nathan. Neverâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ What was the word? The church service came back to me, and I hoped I had it right. ââ¬Å"Never eternal life.â⬠It got her attention. Nathan and eternal life. The things most important to her. She bit her lip, still angry, but her tirade had stopped. ââ¬Å"Numbers. Door,â⬠I repeated. I pushed the stake in harder, and she cried out in pain. At last she spoke, rattling off a series of digits. Russian numbers were something I had memorized pretty solidly, at least. They were essential for addresses and phone numbers. She cited seven numbers. ââ¬Å"Again,â⬠I said. I made her say it three times and hoped I had it. But there was more. I was pretty sure the outer door had a different code. ââ¬Å"Numbers. Door. Two.â⬠I felt like a caveman. Inna stared, not quite getting it. ââ¬Å"Door. Two.â⬠Understanding glinted in her eyes, and she looked mad. I think sheââ¬â¢d hoped I wouldnââ¬â¢t realize the other door had its own code. More cutting with the stake made her scream seven more numbers. Again, I made her repeat them, realizing I had no way to know if she was telling me the truth at least until I tried the numbers. For that reason, I decided to keep her around. I felt guilty about what I did next, but these were desperate times. In guardian training, Iââ¬â¢d been taught both to kill and to incapacitate. I did the latter this time, slamming her head back against the floor and rendering her unconscious. Her expression went slack, her eyelids drooping. Damn. I was reduced to hurting teenage humans. Standing up, I moved to the door and punched in the first set of numbers, hoping I had them right. To my complete and utter astonishment, I did. The electronic lock clicked, but before I could open the door, I just barely made out another click. Someone had unlocked the outer door. ââ¬Å"Shit,â⬠I muttered. I pulled away from the door immediately, picked up Innaââ¬â¢s unconscious body, and hurried to the bathroom. I set her in the tub as gently as possible and had just shut the bathroom door when I heard the main door open. I felt the telltale nausea that signaled a Strigoi was nearby. I knew one of the Strigoi could smell a human, and I hoped shutting her away would be enough to mute Innaââ¬â¢s scent. I emerged from the hall and found Dimitri in the living room. I grinned at him and ran into his arms. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re back,â⬠I said happily. He held me briefly and then stepped back. ââ¬Å"Yes.â⬠He seemed slightly pleased at the greeting, but soon his face was all business. ââ¬Å"Have you made your decision?â⬠No hello. No how are you feeling? My heart sank. This wasnââ¬â¢t Dimitri. ââ¬Å"I have more questions.â⬠I went over to the bed and lay down in a casual way, just like we always did. He followed a few moments later and sat on the edge, looking down at me. ââ¬Å"How long will it take?â⬠I asked. ââ¬Å"When you awaken me? Is it instantaneous?â⬠Once more, I launched into an interrogation session. Honestly, I was running out of questions, and at this point, I didnââ¬â¢t really want to know the intricacies of becoming Strigoi. I was becoming more and more agitated with each passing moment. I had to act. I had to make use of my fleeting opportunity here. And yetâ⬠¦ before I could act, I had to reassure myself that this really wasnââ¬â¢t Dimitri. It was stupid. I should know by now. I could see the physical changes. Iââ¬â¢d seen his coldness, the brutality. Iââ¬â¢d seen him come fresh from a kill. This wasnââ¬â¢t the man Iââ¬â¢d loved. And yetâ⬠¦ for that one fleeting moment earlierâ⬠¦ With a sigh, Dimitri stretched out beside me. ââ¬Å"Rose,â⬠he interrupted, ââ¬Å"if I didnââ¬â¢t know better, Iââ¬â¢d say you were stalling for time.â⬠Yeah, even as a Strigoi, Dimitri knew how I thought and schemed. I realized if I was going to be convincing, I had to stop playing dumb and remember to be Rose Hathaway. I put on a look of outrage. ââ¬Å"Of course I am! This is a big deal. I came here to kill you, and now youââ¬â¢re asking me to join you. You think this is easy for me to do?â⬠ââ¬Å"Do you think itââ¬â¢s been easy for me to wait this long?â⬠he asked. ââ¬Å"The only ones who get choices are Moroi who willingly kill, like the Ozeras. No one else gets a choice. I didnââ¬â¢t get a choice.â⬠ââ¬Å"And donââ¬â¢t you regret that?â⬠ââ¬Å"No, not now. Now that Iââ¬â¢m who I was meant to be.â⬠He frowned. ââ¬Å"The only thing hurt is my pride-that Nathan forced me and that he acts as though Iââ¬â¢m indebted to him. Which is why Iââ¬â¢m being kind enough to give you the choice now, for the sake of your pride.â⬠Kind, huh? I looked at him and felt my heart breaking all over again. It was like hearing the news of his death once more. I suddenly grew afraid I might cry. No. No tears. Dimitri always talked about prey and predators. I had to be the predator. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re sweating,â⬠he said suddenly. ââ¬Å"Why?â⬠Damn, damn, damn. Of course I was sweating. I was contemplating staking the man I loved-or thought Iââ¬â¢d loved. And along with sweat, I was sure I was giving off pheromones of my agitation. Strigoi could smell all of those things, too. ââ¬Å"Because Iââ¬â¢m scared,â⬠I whispered. I propped myself up and stroked the edge of his face, trying to memorize all of his features. The eyes. The hair. The shape of his cheekbones. In my imagination, I overlaid the things I remembered. Dark eyes. Tanned skin. Sweet smile. ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠¦ I think Iââ¬â¢m ready, but itââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦ I donââ¬â¢t know. Itââ¬â¢s such a big thing.â⬠ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢ll be the best decision of your life, Roza.â⬠My breathing was growing rapid, and I prayed heââ¬â¢d think it was because of my fear of being turned. ââ¬Å"Tell me again. One more time. Why do you want to awaken me so badly?â⬠A slightly weary look crossed his face. ââ¬Å"Because I want you. Iââ¬â¢ve always wanted you.â⬠And thatââ¬â¢s when I knew. I finally realized the problem. Heââ¬â¢d given that same answer over and over, and each time, something about it had bothered me. Iââ¬â¢d never been able to pinpoint it, though. Now I could. He wanted me. Wanted me in the way people wanted possessions or collectibles. The Dimitri Iââ¬â¢d knownâ⬠¦ the one Iââ¬â¢d fallen for and slept withâ⬠¦ that Dimitri would have said he wanted us to be together because he loved me. There was no love here. I smiled at him. Leaning down, I kissed him gently. He probably thought I was doing it for the reasons I always did, out of attraction and desire. In truth, it was a goodbye kiss. His mouth answered mine, his lips warm and eager. I held out the kiss a little longer, both to fight back the tears leaking out of my eyes and to lull him into an unsuspecting state. My hand closed around the chair leg, which Iââ¬â¢d hidden in my hoodie pocket. I would never forget Dimitri, not for the rest of my life. And this time, I wouldnââ¬â¢t forget his lessons. With a speed he wasnââ¬â¢t ready for, I struck out and plunged the stake through his chest. My strength was there-sliding the stake past the ribs and straight into his heart. And as I did it, it was like piercing my own heart at the same time. How to cite Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Four, Essay examples miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-11369959924657032862019-12-07T07:05:00.001-08:002019-12-07T07:05:04.845-08:00Consideration For Successful Implementation ââ¬Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Consideration For Successful Implementation? Answer: Introduction The use of technology is increasing in every sector of business for improving the business process and integrating the different business operations. Effective use of technology helps in improving the business process and use of IT has a considerable effect in health care sector as well. Implementation of It in healthcare helps in supporting the management process of health information across the computerized system and helps in secure exchange of the health information between the patients or consumers and service providers (Jones et al. 2014). The report discusses the effective use of IT in healthcare sector, its benefits and the risks associated with the implementation of IT along with the basic requirements of implementing IT in the business. Need of IT in Healthcare Information technology can be effectively used in improving the quality of healthcare business. The different use of IT in healthcare sector are listed below (Cresswell and Sheikh 2013)- 1) Information Technology can be effectively used for designing the test base practices that would further help in reducing the human errors. 2) Implementation of technology helps in improving the linkages between the clinical healthcare system, emergency health networks and public health agencies (West 2012). 3) The implementation of IT in healthcare helps in improving the clinical decision-making and effective management of the different healthcare processes. 4) Use of IT reduces the cost of maintenance of the resources associated with the healthcare business. 5) IT can be effectively used in healthcare for improving the efficiency, cost effectiveness and quality and safety of delivering the clinical processes. Importance of IT in Business Survival Implementation of Information technology is very important for business survival, as with the emerging technologies, need of incorporating IT in the business processes becomes essential for business survival. Use of proper technology can help in improving the health indicators of people in many countries. This is because, now a days, mobile devices are accessed from even the remotest village and therefore, process of implementation of IT is very essential for business survival. Technology can be used to deliver high quality medical services across the country and thus will help in reaching a wider audience in a less cost, which is definitely beneficial for business (Bardhan and Thouin 2013). Requirements of implementing IT in healthcare business The requirements of implementing IT in healthcare business are listed below- 1) Proper selection of business process that is in need of IT and establishment of a proper working structure 2) Selecting a proper project management methodology and approach in implementation of IT (Schwalbe 2015) 3) Hiring a project manager who would plan the layout, monitor the project of implementation of IT, and provide a detailed list of the equipments needed to implement IT in business 4) The basic equipments that are required to implement IT in the business includes different telecommunication equipments, USB hubs, server, computer and monitors, digital healthcare equipments and so on. 5) Planning the entire implementation procedure is necessary for implementing IT in an effective way. The business objectives should be clear in order to develop and effective project plan (Cresswell, Bates and Sheikh 2013). 6) Training the staffs and employees about the proper use of the information Technology is essential for managing the performance of the IT equipments. Use of IT in Healthcare Business The use of Information Technology in healthcare business are elaborated in the following paragraphs- Use of IT by Employees The employees are responsible for managing the back end services of providing proper healthcare services to the patients. The health record of the patients are digitally stored and managed by the employees. This digital management and storing of the records and data considerably reduces the workload of the employees and further helps them in managing the different services in an effective way. Use of IT by Customers/Patients The patients will be significantly benefited by the implementation of information technology in business. With the implementation of IT, customers can keep a track of their clinical health records digitally and booking an appointment with the professionals in a more effective way. The customers furthermore, will be able to keep in touch with their doctors online, and therefore it will be easier for them to manage their health in a more effective way. The use of different electronic methods such as video conferencing or using telecommunication services in order to communicate with the physicians will considerably help in saving a lot of time and money of the patients (Schoen et al. 2012). Use of IT by Suppliers The suppliers of medicines and healthcare can make use of IT in providing services to their clients and customers in a more effective way. Emergence of online services is bringing a revolution in the field of healthcare and business. Advantages and benefits of IT in Healthcare The different advantages and benefits of implementing IT in healthcare are elaborated below- 1) Telemedicine is one of the biggest trends in healthcare industry and the implementation of IT in healthcare will considerably help in increasing the accessibility of the services. Computers and internet makes it easier for the medical service providers to keep in touch with the patients at their home. 2) Eliminates unnecessary traffic in the office, which in time helps in minimizing the bottleneck apart from providing an atmosphere of comfort and convenience to the patients (Lee, McCullough and Town 2013) 3) The computer or the information technology helps the patients to learn about their medical conditions and opportunities involved with the treatment decisions more effectively (Ventola 2014). 4) Implementation of project in a proper way considerably reduces the medical error thus keeping the organization away from lawsuits. 5) Technology helps in creating more efficient and a productive work force. Therefore, implementation of IT in the field of healthcare would further help in improving the business processes. 6) Patients can directly communicate with the care providers and therefore, it would help in increasing the customer satisfaction. This helps in improving the business to a quite extent as customer satisfaction forms a large part of business processes. Risks associated with the implementation of IT in business 1) One of the major risks associated with the implementation of IT in business of healthcare is safeguarding the privacy and confidentiality of the patients data and health records. 2) The out of date equipments possess a significant amount of security risks as improper security measures can lead to the data leakage and loss of data. 3) If any equipment misbehave or gives faulty result, it may risk patients life as well. Monitoring and Maintenance of IT Proper monitoring and maintenance of the IT equipments are essential for maintaining the smooth performance of the implemented information technology. The equipments are needed to be updated time to time, in order to eliminate any risk associated with the out of date devices. Proper maintenance of the devices can be ensured by appointing proper technicians for monitoring the IT equipments (Willcocks 2013). Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that the healthcare sector will be benefited with the implementation of IT. This report discusses the need and use of IT in improvising the business process in Healthcare sector and in offering a much better service to the customers and patients. However, there are certain risks associated with the implementation of IT in healthcare business, which must be strategically mitigated in order to ensure better results. With the advancement of information technology, the need of IT in healthcare becomes inevitable. References Bardhan, I.R. and Thouin, M.F., 2013. Health information technology and its impact on the quality and cost of healthcare delivery.Decision Support Systems,55(2), pp.438-449. Cresswell, K. and Sheikh, A., 2013. Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), pp.e73-e86. Cresswell, K.M., Bates, D.W. and Sheikh, A., 2013. Ten key considerations for the successful implementation and adoption of large-scale health information technology.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), pp.e9-e13. Jones, S.S., Rudin, R.S., Perry, T. and Shekelle, P.G., 2014. Health information technology: an updated systematic review with a focus on meaningful use.Annals of internal medicine,160(1), pp.48-54. Lee, J., McCullough, J.S. and Town, R.J., 2013. The impact of health information technology on hospital productivity.The RAND Journal of Economics,44(3), pp.545-568. Schoen, C., Osborn, R., Squires, D., Doty, M., Rasmussen, P., Pierson, R. and Applebaum, S., 2012. A survey of primary care doctors in ten countries shows progress in use of health information technology, less in other areas.Health affairs,31(12), pp.2805-2816. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Ventola, C.L., 2014. Mobile devices and apps for health care professionals: uses and benefits.Pharmacy and Therapeutics,39(5), p.356. West, D., 2012. How mobile devices are transforming healthcare.Issues in technology innovation,18(1), pp.1-11. Willcocks, L., 2013.Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. Springe miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-21668785513375910842019-11-29T18:47:00.001-08:002019-11-29T18:47:03.120-08:008 Tips on How to Write an Essay Fast With a truly tricky essay, 24 hours might be not enough. However, it might happen that you have less than an hour to craft a classy paper. Take your SATs for example. There, youââ¬â¢ll have to fit into a 30-minute time slot. Before you can write an essay quickly, youââ¬â¢ll need some committed training or a decent plan. If you didnââ¬â¢t have enough time to practice your speed writing skills, donââ¬â¢t worry. Because the key is detailed planning. So whatââ¬â¢s the fastest way to write an essay? Weââ¬â¢ll share with you the secrets of how to write essays faster below. ââ¬Å"I need to write an essay fast. Do you have any tips?â⬠A bunch of the following quick essay writing tips will lead you through this seemingly arduous task. They are the main steps youââ¬â¢d normally take when writing a paper. Before you get to them, weââ¬â¢d like to point out that the most important thing about fast-written essay is careful planning, remembering about time, and sticking to the point. 1. Plan Your Time How much do you have till you need to have the paper ready? If you have 30 minutes, then consider 10 minutes for outlining, 15 minutes for writing the body of your essay, and 5 minutes for revision. If you have an hour, then redistribute the time accordingly. Remember that you should spend at least ââ¦â¢ of your time on structuring, and at least à ½ on shaping the paperââ¬â¢s body. Donââ¬â¢t forget to include revision in your plan. 2. Read Your Essay Question Carefully and Answer It This step is crucial. If you understand the question vaguely from the beginning, youââ¬â¢ll be forced to go back to it when you should be focusing on writing. Come up with a quick answer in your head. This way, youââ¬â¢ll have the idea of what to write about. If you have trouble starting, brainstorm: write down anything that comes to mind first, and then choose what fits best. 3. Research to the Point If you need research, do it. Just look for the most specific information. Search for the key concepts youââ¬â¢re definitely going to use in your paper. Remember that you donââ¬â¢t have much time on the whole essay, so be brief and concise in your research. 4. Spend 20% of Your Time on Outlining Start with the simplest: break the essay into 5 paragraphs (a standard), including the introduction and conclusion. Each of them should contain a main point, evidence that supports it, summarizing sentences, and transitions to the next paragraph. Write your thesis statement in the intro. Ascertain that each paragraphââ¬â¢s key sentence is connected with the thesis statement. At this stage, all you need is to draft. Youââ¬â¢ll finalize your sentences later. 5. Write down the Key Sentences for Each Paragraph (before You Write the Rest) Youââ¬â¢ve drafted them when you did the outline. This time, make sure that your sentences are strong, precise, and donââ¬â¢t require further editing. Normally, you wonââ¬â¢t need more than a couple of minutes. 6. Make the Introduction and Conclusion Solid You already have your thesis statement in the intro. So, write a hook preceding it ââ¬âà a quote, a relevant anecdote in a sentence or two, or some statistical information associated with the topic. Also, make a transition to the body of your essay at the end of the intro. In the conclusion, re-summarize the thesis statement while linking it to the evidence that you are providing in the body paragraphs. Write a conclusive sentence that would place the information in your paper into a broader context. 7. Spend about 40% of Your Time Writing the Rest Here, youââ¬â¢ll write your supportive statements or provide evidence to your key points. Youââ¬â¢ll introduce and summarize each paragraph and properly connect the parts of the essay together. That is the main chunk of your writing, for which youââ¬â¢ll require up to 40% of your time. There is no need to spend more. 8. Donââ¬â¢t Forget about Revision (5-10 Minutes) This step is essential, so make sure youââ¬â¢ve left some time for it. During the revision, pay attention to the general structure, thesis statement and the key sentences in each paragraph. Then check if everything in your text is logically connected. Afterwards, see that you have no errors or typos. Voila! Your essay is ready for submission. Weââ¬â¢ve shared with you some of our own tricks on how to write a good essay fast. They involve carefully planned steps; sticking closely to your time limits; and keeping your research, writing, and revision strictly to the point. Any shift aside from your will only make you waste your time. In the end, if you know how to write an essay in an hour or less, youââ¬â¢ll not only deal with the task during your SATs, but youââ¬â¢ll be able to save so much of your valuable time during your studies at the college. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-452432348750004922019-11-25T19:37:00.001-08:002019-11-25T19:37:02.862-08:00Compare and contrast the treatment of the play Hamlet by the directors Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh EssaysCompare and contrast the treatment of the play Hamlet by the directors Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh Essays Compare and contrast the treatment of the play Hamlet by the directors Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh Paper Compare and contrast the treatment of the play Hamlet by the directors Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh Paper Essay Topic: Hamlet To Build a Fire Many events have occurred in this complex play to put the main character, young Hamlet, in the position and frame of mind in which he finds himself at the beginning of the last scene of the play. Only months ago, his father died, seemingly from natural causes leaving everyone grief stricken. Yet within two months, Hamlets mother Gertrude had re-married to Hamlets uncle Claudius! Then the ghost of Hamlets father appears to him and tells him that Claudius murdered him and that he wants Hamlet to avenge his death. Hamlet also has a place in his heart for the beautiful Ophelia in whom he cannot trust. Hamlet cleverly proves Claudius guilt but manages to stab Ophelias father Polonius instead who is hiding behind a tapestry in Gertrudes room. Hamlet is then banished by Claudius to England where he is supposed to be beheaded. Meanwhile Ophelia goes mad with grief and drowns just after her brother Laertes comes home. Claudius receives word that Hamlet is on his way home so he and Laertes (who seeks to avenge the deaths of his father and his sister) plot to kill him upon his return. Hamlet gets back to find it is Ophelias funeral and he grieves for her. The plot created by Claudius and Laertes involves a fencing match and a poisoned blade, which is where we find ourselves at the beginning of the scene. Hamlets frame of mind before the fight is also unstable. He is still grieving for his father and is now grieving for Ophelia as well. He is angry with Claudius for his fathers murder and is still upset with his mother over her hasty re-marriage. Combined with the guilt for the grief he has caused Laertes, Hamlet is going mad and has become almost totally unbalanced. With everything that has happened and Hamlet being the sort of studious and contemplative person that he is it is not surprising that hes lost his mind. In Act 3 Scene 1, Hamlet gives his famous To be, or not to be, speech in which he contemplates suicide but says that he is scared of dying: For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, Since then Hamlet mind set has changed and just before the fight scene (Act 5 Scene 2) Hamlet says to Horatio: If it be now, tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come the readiness is all. Hamlet is now prepared to meet his fate if in fact death is his fate. This is the mindset he starts the fight in. In class we watched two exceedingly diverse film adaptations of Hamlet interpreted by two different directors. Im going to look at each of these and compare each component of them. Setting: The Zeffirelli movie stays true to Shakespeares 12th century setting. Elsinore is a dark medieval castle made from stone and encapsulates the feeling of the play very well. The Branagh adaptation however is set in the late 18th to early 19th century in a magnificent royal palace. Its very grand and has white marbled walls and a chequered black and white floor like a chessboard. This has a significant symbolism, as chess is a game that uses strategy to eliminate the opposition an almost perfect synopsis of the play. The place in which Hamlet and Laertes fight is also significantly different. In Zeffirelli, they fight in a square, wooden floor, almost like a boxing ring where opponents circle each other looking for an opportunity to strike. In Branagh, they play on a long thin red carpet and they almost chase each other up and down it before carrying the fight on up the staircases. Zeffirellis version is much more effective. You really get the feeling of the two characters sizing each other up and daring each other to make a move. Costume: In Zeffirellis adaptation, the character of Hamlet in particular is very scruffy with ragged brown hair, an unkempt beard and brown shabby clothes he certainly does not look at all like the heir to the throne. This is like chalk and cheese with the Branagh portrayal. In Branaghs version, Hamlet wears a red uniform. He has very short blonde hair in a military cut and is always clean-shaven. The other characters in Branagh also follow this trend the men in uniforms, the woman in luxurious dresses and the colours clean and bright. This is probably due to the occasion. In Zeffirelli however the men are, like Hamlet, in dishevelled clothes and dirty colours. The woman in simple plain dresses with little colour. But admittedly the costumes reflect the century, and the setting, very well. The part of the scene in which the fight takes place is subject to several costume changes. In Zeffirelli, Hamlet and Laertes start off wearing chain mail and then change to much heavier armour during the part in which Claudius tries to get Hamlet to drink the poisoned wine. At the point around where Gertrude drinks the poisoned wine, Hamlet and Laertes take off all their armour and play in only their shirts allowing for the wounds. Their clothes are very suited to the century simple armour made of heavy metal. In Branagh, as they are actually fencing, they wear white fencing jackets and fencing helmets (meshed face protection). But they begin the scene in their normal clothes and change before they start the fight. They take off there fencing jackets at the point before Gertrude drinks the wine and carry on the fight in vests and braces undergarments typical of the century. Speech: The two films use the original Shakespeare script very differently; the Branagh version uses almost every single word Shakespeare wrote but goes very over the top with the interpretation of it. The Zeffirelli version is more understated and cuts out a fair bit of what Shakespeare wrote but keeps the feel of a Shakespeare play much better. Music: Music in these films was used in varied ways. The Zeffirelli film had much more of a play feeling. There was very little if any background music put in. All the sounds were made by the people in the scene, the props (e. g. the clanking of the swords and the armour) or by the trumpets doing the fanfare. The Branagh version was nothing like this and in my opinion lost the feeling of a play and turned it into an epic movie feature not Im sure how Shakespeare imagined it. Right the way through the scene there is magnificent pieces of orchestral music, softer in the moments where a speech is being delivered and building for the more dramatic bits making the scene very overdone indeed and loosing its integrity. Props: Zeffirelli although normally keeping the play like feel, differed slightly from the script and instead of using foils (thin blades used in fencing), used heavier swords more suited to the 12th century setting. Branaghs 18th-19th century setting however called for the foils and they were much more suitable. But the heavy clashing together of the swords in Zeffirellis adaptation, was much more dramatic and some how more fitting to the events enfolding in the scene. The pearl and the goblet are also props in the scene but are not really seen. The goblets suited their setting and a pearl is after all a pearl. Acting: The acting styles of the two actors playing the part of Hamlet (Mel Gibson and Kenneth Branagh) are very different. Gibson does much better at getting the moody, contemplative and quintessentially mad sides of Hamlets character across and I feel is more like the Hamlet you read on the page. Branaghs Hamlet is very stiff upper lip and military. He also over accentuates the role. He is not the Hamlet written in Shakespeares script but he does convey the side of Hamlet we forget the fact that he is the son of a king brought up to face war. Branagh heavily portrays this side of him. Claudius (played by Alan Bates in the Zeffirelli movie and by Derek Jacobi in the Branagh movie), is much the same as Hamlets character in the Branagh, very stiff upper lip. Zeffirellis Claudius is much more frivolous and a bit of a wastrel less like a king and more like a stupid young man with too much power. Gertrude (played by Glen Close in the Zeffirelli movie and by Julie Christie in the Branagh movie), is at two ends of a long scale in the different movies. This time it is Zeffirelli who makes this character out to be much more than she is in the play and Glen Close plays up the role to a cringe worthy degree. Gertrudes part in this movie is very over dramatised and her death is painful to watch lots of gasping and making a spectacle of herself. This is totally different in the Branagh movie as Gertrude is very understated and in the end scene her death is hardly noticed. Laertes (played by Nathaniel Parker in the Zeffirelli movie and by Michael Maloney in the Branagh movie) is also, like Gertrude, played exceedingly differently in each movie. He acts much more like the wounded son and brother and the spurned friend in the Branagh version but seems to be very conceited and proud. He acts much friendlier toward Hamlet in the Zeffirelli movie and the feeling conveyed is that he really doesnt want to kill Hamlet. The Laertes portrayed in the Branagh film seems to really want revenge. In my opinion at this time in the play, Laertes is a mixture between these two versions of him. Death Scenes Claudius: Claudius death was always going to be dramatic its the culmination of the play Hamlet finally avenging his fathers death. But in the Branagh version dramatic is understated. When Branagh realises his mother is dead (hes currently fighting Laertes on the balcony/staircase) and who is to blame (Claudius) He jumps off the balcony and swings across the hall on the chandelier, jumps onto Claudius and stabs him! Then while Claudius is still pinned to the chair by the chandelier, Hamlet savagely forces Claudius to drink the poisoned wine that killed Gertrude. The way this is done in the Branagh film is so over the top its ridiculous you cannot even begin to take it seriously. The Zeffirelli version is still aggressive but to the right tone. The way its done means that you can understand the feelings being portrayed and how that now Hamlets work is done he can die peacefully. Gertrude: This time the Branagh movie is the one who understates the death of one of its main characters. Something it certainly doesnt do often. When Gertrude falls, the cameras attention is focused almost totally on the fight and you hardly even register that she has died. Zeffirelli makes so much out of her death that you cant stand to watch it. After a few seconds your totally sick of watching Glen Close gasp and retch. Another difference is that Hamlet isnt off fighting somewhere high on a balcony he is right next to her as she dies. Laertes: Laertes isnt a very main character in the play but is quite important in this final scene. His death isnt wonderfully memorable in either movie. In Zeffirelli, he is much friendlier toward Hamlet and his death is less aggressive. When he dies the courtiers surround him. In Branagh he is alone lying stretched out on the white marble floor but still uses his aggressive tones and has the same haughty attitude hes carried throughout the scene. Hamlet: In Zeffirelli, Hamlet delivers his final speech partly next to his dead mother and then moving out toward the middle of the fight ring. After his final words The rest is silence. The camera moves up and away from him as if the camera is his spirit going up to heaven. In Branagh he delivers the whole speech on the red carpet (also the place the fight started) and once he dies, his body is carried from the room with his arms falling in the shape of a cross, like a figure of Christ. Cameras: Branaghs camera use is very fussy, in particular around the part of the scene where Hamlet kills Claudius. Zeffirelli is much freer with his shots and you get much more of the feeling that you are watching a play and less of the feeling that this is the latest epic action flick. Fortinbras Scene: In the Zeffirelli movie the scene in which Prince Fortinbras comes to Elsinore is cut completely. This is probably to make a quicker, cleaner ending. But if you like to think deeply about films your left thinking ok what happens to Denmark? The play wraps tings up nicely with a friendly neighbour (Prince |Fortinbras) dropping in on his way to invade Poland and he ends up taking the throne! But in Branagh this is interpreted very wrongly. Branagh has a huge invasion going on. Prince Fortinbras soldiers are killing Hamlets soldiers, stabbing courtiers, smashing windows and generally being pain in the necks! Again Branagh has tried to make this movie into the latest epic action flick instead of a classic Shakespearian play. Very over the top. Conclusion My opinions of each of these films have already, Im sure, been made very obvious through the course of what I have written but Im going to elaborate on the points I made to draw a conclusion from this essay, including which film I think was most successful. The Branagh movie did nothing for me to put it very bluntly. It was over dressed and over done. Branagh, who is very good as an actor, lets himself down as a director. He reads too much into little things and has a habit of using his cameras very fussily. The final scene is the worst of them all and as someone who adores Shakespeare even I find this hard to take seriously. Imagine someone who is not very into Shakespeare they would think this was the funniest thing theyd ever seen but then they probably wouldnt sit through 3 and a half hours worth of film in a language they barely understand. To get anything from this movie you have to be very committed to Shakespeare indeed. This film may have been accurate to a fault when it came to using Shakespeares language, but when it came to doing things the way Shakespeare intended theyre way off the mark. Any of Shakespeares plays that are made into films should still hold the key essence of a play at their very heart. Zeffirelli does this very well. In the Zeffirelli movie you can really get the essence of what Shakespeare is about. Even though a lot of Shakespeares original words were cut out, the film still carried the story beautifully. The film is much shorter and easier to watch. For someone not used to Shakespeare this is a good film to watch and that is essentially what makes a film successful its audience appeal. Overall the two movies are very different and no two people would draw the same conclusions as I. They show superbly how differently the same tale can be interpreted. It gives you a better chance to look at the play through someone elses eyes and not just how you see it and interpret it. For me however I preferred the Zeffirelli movie because it kept that play like feel to it and is more true to the way Shakespeare told this story of revenge and tragedy. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-33397273312832742482019-11-22T03:01:00.001-08:002019-11-22T03:01:02.751-08:00Advertising and Its Drivers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsAdvertising and Its Drivers - Essay Example So exactly what is an advertisement or what can we understand by the term advertisement. Their have been different views regarding the concept of advertisement. According to John Burnett, "Advertisement is a non-personal communication of marketing related information to a target audience, usually paid by the advertiser and delivered through mass media in order to reach specific objective of sponsor". However according to the critic of advertising, Judith Williamson (1978, p.57) states that it's "the most ubiquitous form in which we encounter commercial photography" which means advertising is the 'official art' of the advanced industrial nation of the west. (Hackley, 2005)It occupies the newspapers and is covered all over with urban environment, it is highly systematize organization involving many artist, writer and film directors, and consist of a large amount of output of the mass media. Advertisements promote and affect the idea and value which are crucial to a particular economy s ystem. Thus a good advertisement is that, which we should not lose interest in their ideological functions, which is connected to their economic functions (Dyer, 1995 p.2). Another definition by (Longman, 1971) 'Advertising attempts to inform and persuade a large number of people with a single communication'. Therefore in its simple sense the word 'advertising' means capturing the attention to something or telling or advising somebody of something. (Dyer, 1995 p.2). Thus advertising can be seen as a medium for communicating or providing knowledge to the customers from a recognized authority or person. This range of activities also qualifies as marketing communication or marcoms. KEY DRIVERS OF MARCOMS ACTIVITIES Perception: Creating Shopping Power When something has been perceived, then it has been noted and the message is recorded. In the words of psychologist, W. H. Ittelson and F. T. Kilpatrick, perception can't be definite, of 'what is'. Rather what we perceive is created by ourselves, which is mostly based on past experiences (Bogart, 1995). Also people's perceptions of brand are governed by some factors which are personal and public (Fletcher, 1999 p.163). It is one of important challenges for an advertiser trying to reach the customers, either by any form of mass communication like newspaper, or television ad so that they could notice it. Even sometimes the consumer miss out some messages directed to them. So the main thing is to give them exposure. (Wells, Burnett and Moriarty1992, p. 241). For example if all the ads are in colors then a black and white will be noticed, which is what Chanel did with their Nicole Kidman glossy ad for Chanel Perfume which would be place at the back cover of magazines like Cosmopolitan so as to give covert instead of ostensive communication. So by this the customers attention can be taken. (Hackley, 2005) This can be seen in the use of a ground breaking issue to position an advertisement. An example of this may be found in the 'Torches of Liberty Contingent' campaign aimed at expanding cigarette sales manifold by encouraging women to smoke. This campaign was launched and executed by Bernays in 1929. He was inspired by Sigmund Freud's view that actions are crystallised by the subconscious motivations. Another line of thought that he followed was based on the theory of psychoanalyst Brill, who held that women equated smoking as an expression of their freedom. Bernays campaign prompted women to start smoking during the Easter Day parade of 1929. While this enjoyed mixed reactions and extensive media reactions, the combination of liberation and democracy - both of which were emerging trends of the time - helped Barnays earn a place in history besides miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-39389884808390756612019-11-20T19:42:00.001-08:002019-11-20T19:42:07.010-08:00Online flower ordering system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsOnline flower ordering system - Essay Example Our vision is to become the leading florist in the locality. We seek to be the most sought after company amongst the local people for delivering flowers reliably. We value the satisfaction of our customers and aim at being part of their memorable moments in life. Our mission is to be a company whose delivery services the local people can reach and use easily and be satisfied with. We seek to provide a good quality, easily accessible, highly reliable, fresh flowers delivery solution to the local people. Our company has successfully been providing flower delivery services to the local area people. The people can place orders in two ways. They can choose to come directly to the shop, check the rates, personally select the flowers and make the payment in advance, provide the recipientââ¬â¢s address, set delivery date and time and thus place a delivery order. They can also choose the flowers and place a delivery order over the phone. The payment can be made through a credit card or by hand. In case of credit card the required details are provided to the sales representative along with the recipientââ¬â¢s address. In case of opting to pay by hand by a customer on phone, the representative of the shop notes down the address of the customer, and then collects the payment from the customer from his doorstep. Since, use of Internet has increased enormously in the area; therefore, it was thought of to make the delivery service of the company accessible over the Internet as well. Currently there is no other company that offers such an online facility, so our company would be the pioneer in introducing the idea in the area. This would contribute in not only increasing the number of satisfied customers but also raise the companyââ¬â¢s revenue. Additionally, in case of any renowned event approaching and some special flowers have been arranged for the event, advertisements can be spread easily over the Internet through the customerââ¬â¢s email addresses. The complete setup for delivering flowers is already in place. So incorporating an online sales end would not affect the overall system structure and process. 3. Department and Structure The company runs a completely working flower delivery system. The overall organization comprises of four departments; Figure 1 Organization Structure Sal es: Handles the placement of orders and receipt of payments. Production: Handles for arranging the required flowers. In case, some particular flowers are not in stock, the department can also purchase the requested flowers. Finance: Handles the purchase and investment on flowers, the revenue acquired per day, the fuel consumption and employees pays. Delivery: Handles the delivery of flowers to relevant recipients. It deals with the personnel, their conveyance and routes issues. Every department has a manager who handles the overall working of the related department. The online system shall be introduced as part of the existing sales department. The online system would serve as an additional means of gathering customers through online placement of orders. 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Well defined divisions of the departmental activities. Easy incorporation to the existing setup of the organization. Weaknesses: Training of the sales staff would be required to use the web interface. Har dware and software would be required to run the website and access it. Investment would be required for website development and hosting. Opportunities: Absence of a similar online flower delivery service in the miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-17188112990603101372019-11-18T21:46:00.001-08:002019-11-18T21:46:04.633-08:00One country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsOne country - Essay Example tains a very diverse landscape, including a large desert and flatlands region as well as fertile, mountainous plateau regions in which the majority of farming and other agricultural activities occur (Davison, 2001). Two main rivers, the Tana and Galana, run actively through the fertile region of Kenya and empty into the Indian Ocean to the East (Kenyaology.com, 2007). This is the likely reason why this particular region of the country, known as the Kenyan Highlands, is so fertile as it is continuously irrigated by the two rivers. Additionally, of significant assistance to Kenyan residents is the close proximity to the Indian Ocean by which a great deal of foreign trade can be delivered or exported, providing a more direct ocean-going trade route to the East rather than ground travel across a harsh African landscape (Kenyaology.com). Many people may think of Kenya and automatically envision harsh desert environments, however Figure 1 illustrates the lush fertile region known as the Ke nyan Highlands where Mount Kenya towers into the sky. Climate patterns in Kenya are quite diverse, however in most respects, they range in magnitude from harsh, dry desert-like conditions to that of regions which receive continuous rainfall. In the dryer, Northern plains region, the average temperatures are maximum 34.8 degrees and minimum 23.7 degrees, both in Celsius (Kenyaology.com). These are significantly warmer temperatures in comparison to the United States, indicating that this particular region of Kenya maintains virtually no temperate climate. In the city of Eldoret, which is one of the larger-populated cities at an elevation of 3,085 feet above sea level, the climate is much more temperate, subject to changes in seasons much like that of the Midwest region of the United States. In this area, average temperatures are a maximum of 23.6 C and 9.5 C, making this region rich for agricultural and other farming activities (Klein, 1999). In yet another region of the country, miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-61261630114584119172019-11-16T10:19:00.001-08:002019-11-16T10:19:16.322-08:00Corporate Performance of Malaysian Public CompaniesCorporate Performance of Malaysian Public Companies 1.0 Introduction and motivation of study The issues of ownership and corporate governance have been discussed broadly in the prior literature especially in developed markets. However, in emerging economies like Malaysia, the issues received a vigorous impetus when the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) hit Malaysia with severity in 1997/98. The AFC had depressed the economy to negative 7.5% in 1998, around 84,000 people lost their job and Malaysian capital market lost estimated USD200 billion in term of market capitalization during the crisis (Series of Malaysia Economic Reports). At the same time, the value of Malaysian currency had been decrease dramatically from 2.52 ringgit to the US dollar in June, 1997 to a lowest of 4.50 ringgit to the US dollar in January, 1998 (Tourres, 2003), plunging the country into its first recession for many years. Weak financial systems, excessive foreign borrowing and lack of transparency were among factors that contributed to the crisis (Fischer, 1998). Following the AFC, the Malaysian government introduced several reform measures to enhance transparency and accountability to restoring market confidence and encourage more stable and long term international investment. Example of these are the establishment of the Malaysian Institute of Corporate Governance (MICG) in 1998, the introduction of Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) in March 2000à [1]à which codified the principles and best practices of good governance and the launched of Malaysias Capital Market Master Plan in 2002 as a comprehensive plan that identifies the strategic positioning and future of the Malaysian capital market. The Minority Shareholders Watchdog GROUP (MSWG) was also setup in 2001 as respond to the AFC. This study focuses on Malaysias capital market mainly because of the confidence shown by the international business community concerning investments in Malaysia especially after the economy has fully recovered from the AFC. Based on The Productivity and Investment Climate Survey, World Bank 2009, which reports firms perceptions of the business environment, suggests that Malaysia is a relatively attractive place for investors. Meanwhile, Report on Doing Business 2010 ranked Malaysia 23rd out of 183 economies for ease of doing business and recently the World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2010 placed Malaysia 10th of the most competitive economy in the world, up from 18th place in the previous year. The achievement of Malaysia economy to date partly contributing through the active roles plays by the government-linked companies (GLCs) that form the backbone of the structure of the Malaysian economy. GLCs and their controlling shareholders, government-linked investment companies (GLICs), constitute a significant part of the economic structure of Malaysia. GLCs employ an estimated 5% of the national workforce, account for approximately 49% of market capitalization (Ringgit Malaysia 235.5 billion) of Bursa Malaysia Securities, contributes about 17 percent of the nations gross fixed capital formation and account for almost 10 percent of Gross Domestic Product (Malaysia Economic Report, 2009/2010). More than that, GLCs also plays an important role in executing government policies and initiatives especially in key sectors and new growth sectors. Even with active divestment and privatization, GLCs remained as the main service providers to the nations key strategic utilities and services including electricity, telecommunications, airlines, airports, public transportations, banking and financial services. On top of that, GLCs also on forefront in implementing recommendations of the best practices affirmed in Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance for Malaysian Public Listed Companies (Corporate Governance Survey Report, 2008). In the meantime, Corporate Governance Watch 2007, an annual collaborative study of corporate governance landscape of Asian market undertaken by independent stockbroker CLSA Asia Pacific Markets and the Asian Corporate Governance Association noted general improvement at the GLCs, a function of GLCs reforms and greater openness. Finally, the research on GLCs performance in Malaysia is also very important in order to investigate the real achievement of GLCs Transformation Program, the special program that was launched in May 2004 by Malaysian government to improve the performance of GLCs. Recently, the total shareholder return of a selection of top 20 GLCs, has outperformed the benchmark index of Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) by a compounded annual growth rat e of 2.4 percent since the launch of the program (Business Times, 2009). Motivate by the above reason, part of this study attempts to examine whether or not government ownership lead to better company performance by focusing on the unique characteristics of government ownership in GLCs. The research is an attempt to extend the literature in this field and to provide new insight and understanding on the roles of state in emerging market considering the limited number of research in this area. Hence, the first part of this study attempts to answer the following primary research question: Is there any significant relationship between ownership structure of government- linked companies in Malaysia and firm value? 2.0 Theoretical Foundations of the Study There are number of different theoretical frameworks to explain and analyze corporate governance. Difference frameworks approaches corporate governance in different way, for example; the agency theory arises from the fields of finance and economics and the stakeholder theory arises from social-orientated perspective on corporate governance. According to Mallin (2010, p.14), the main theories that have affected the development of corporate governance are agency theory, transaction cost economics, stakeholder theory and stewardship theory. All these theory from difference disciplines have contributed to the development of theoretical aspects of corporate governance and its frameworks. However, the main theory that generally associated with ownership of the firm is agency theory that widely used in previous researches around the world. Theoretical and empirical researches on the relationship between ownership and firm value was originally motivated by the separation of ownership from control (Berle Means, 1932) and more recently, by agency theory (Jensen Meckling, 1976; Fama Jensen, 1983). In this theory, the basic assumption is that the goals and objectives of the principals (owners) and managers (agents) conflict. The central problem in corporate governance is to construct rules and incentive to effectively align the behavior of managers with the desires of principals (Hawley and Williams, 1996). The problem of agents being responsible to principals is that it compounds the agency costs identified by Jensen and Meckling (1976) with the basic assumption is that managers will act opportunistically to further their own interests before shareholders and one of the main reasons that the desired actions of principal and agent diverge is their different attitude towards risk (Shankman, 1999). Under the circumstances, in Malaysia where there is a high concentration of government ownership in firms (Tam and Tan, 2007) and high percentage of firms affiliated to government (La Porta et al., 1999), the government ownership actually has capacity to provide a control mechanisms to align management personal objectives with firm objectives and eventually increase the firm value. Parts of GLCs in Malaysia are privatized firms during Malaysian Privatization Policy in 1990s. Hence, the firms always related to political variables and in that stance the political view of GLCs conceive that the high level of government interferences resulted of inefficiency to the firm rather than facilitate the operation. 3.0 Literature Review and Research Gaps In Malaysia context, GLCs are defined as companies that have a primary commercial objective and in which the Malaysian government has a direct controlling stake via the GLICs. The GLICs are investment arms of the government that allocate government funds to the GLCs (Putrajaya Committee on GLC High Performance, 2004; Lau and Tong, 2008). Meanwhile, the controlling stake here refers to the governments ability (not just percentage ownership) to appoint board members, senior management and/or make major decisions. The Ministry of Finance (1993) classify GLCs as one in which the Malaysian government had an effective ownership interest of at least 20 percent of equity shares. Twenty percent voting rights in one particular company is considered to be sufficient for effective control and is employed in previous studies on ownership (La Porta et al.,1999; Faccio et.al., 2001 and Setia-Atmaja, 2009). Majority of GLCs under the federal government are under Khazanah Nasional Berhad, one of the most active GLICs in Malaysiaà [2]à . Empirical studies on the relationship between government ownership and firm performance on the whole produced inconclusive results. Study by Ang and Ding (2005) on the relationship between ownership structure of Singaporean GLCs and performance found that GLCs exhibit higher valuations than those of the non-GLCs. In a related study, Ke and Issac (2007) report that governments shareholding is positively related to corporate performance of Chinas listed property companies, suggested that the economy sector is matter in the country. The findings however inconsistent with other empirical studies on the government ownership in China where in overall found the negative relationship between these two variables. For example, Sun and Tong (2003); McGuiness and Ferguson (2005); Gunasekarage, Xu and Wang (1999) and Li, Sun and Zou (2009) find that on average, the firms performance is negatively influenced by the governments ownership. Research in Malaysia on the relationship between government ownership and performance is lacking and also show mixed findings. Recently, Lau and Tong (2008) conducted a research on the impact of government intervention on firm value by employed 15 listed GLCs under Khazanah Nasional Berhad from year 2000 to 2005 (90 firm-year observations). They reveal a significant positive relationship between the degree of government ownership and firm value. However, this study has shortcomings as the selected data sets of 15 GLCs a year under Khazanah Nasional Berhad are too small and not robust enough to represent the overall GLCs performance. In fact, there are many more listed GLCs under the controlled of federal government GLICsà [3]à as well as GLCs under the state government jurisdiction. This research aims to address this issue by providing in-depth examinations and comprehensive study on all GLCs both at federal and state level. In a related study in Malaysia, Tam and Tan (2007) find that the performance of firms associated to government ownership is poor compared to others ownership types namely; individual-owned firms, foreign-owned firms and trust fund-owned firms. The study involved the top 150 listed companies on Bursa Malaysia Securities based on their ranking according to their market capitalization in 2000. The similar results also found in research by Ming and Gee (2008); and Chu and Cheah (2006) that show the negative relationship between government ownership and firms corporate performance. However, those studies also have limitations as they fail to properly identify the unique characteristics of GLCs ownership in Malaysia. In their studies, they group together all types of GLCs in one group in an attempt to find its relationship to performance without addressing issues of (i) the different type of GLCs controlled by federal government and GLCs controlled by states government and (ii) the differe nt type of shares in GLCs. With regard to the first issue, distinctions should be made between GLCs controlled by federal government (GLCFGs) and those controlled by state governments (GLCSGs) predominantly because they are difference in aspects of monitoring by federal government machineries and GLICs. GLCFGs subjected to strict supervision and monitoring not only by its GLICs but by ministries concerned under federal government. For example, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, a GLCFG is the largest electric utility company in Malaysia with one governments special share and majority of it ordinary shares owned by Khazanah Nasional Berhad . The Ministry of Finance responsible to the issues pertaining to the corporate matters of the company such as the approval entity for appointment of CEO/board of directors, their contract extension or termination, company performance etc. The selection of company chairman or CEO is carefully chosen based on their capability and suitability to head the organization. In the meantime, matters pertaining to policy such as approval for electric tariff increment and monitoring of company obeying to energy policy of Malaysia are under the responsibility of Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water as a guardian ministry. In addition, National Audit Department also conducting an annual auditing or special auditing to this company to be reported in Auditors General Report that eventually to be presented in Parliament. Furthermore, Public Accounts Committee, a committee under Parliament also have right to investigate whatever issues surrounding the company such as mismanagement or issues highlighted in Auditors General Report. With all these stringent monitoring systems, the GLCFGs are more cautious in their actions and eventually lead to good corporate performance in the long run. On the other hand, the extent of monitoring and supervision of GLCSGs by respective state governments is weaker. All issues pertaining GLCSGs are to be monitor and solve by State Economic Development Corporation (SEDC), a controlling agency cum main shareholder of GLCSGs. As contended in Agency Theory, lack of monitoring efforts will increase the agency costs that eventually lead to poor firm performance. Furthermore, GLICs at federal government have more systematically systems and incentives in monitoring and improve its GLCs performance compared to its counterpart in state government. For example is the establishment of a special program aims to transform GLCs to high performers entity called GLCs Transformation Program (GTP) that was launched in May 2004. Under this program, 20 larger GLCs (G-20) that controlled by different federal government GLICs has been selected to be transformed into high performance entity and become regional or global champions. Since the launch the programme, G-20 have made significant improvement especially on their financial aspects with operating cash flow for non-financial G-20 firms grew by 42% from RM14 billion in 2004 to RM20 billion in 2008. At the same time, aggregate earnings for 2008 also 53% higher compared to performance in 2004 and total shareholder returns has outperformed the benchmark index of Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) by a compo unded annual growth rate of 4.8% since the launch of the program (GTP Mid-Term Progress Review, 2009). With regard to this issue, based on above motivations the current study argue that the performance of listed GLCs controlled by federal government are better than it counterparts under the controlled of state government. On the second issue, previous studies with concerned to government ownership and performance have ignored the very important characteristic of GLCs in Malaysia which is GLCs with governments one special share or golden share. As a background, to stimulate economic growth and reduce Government financial burden, privatization policy was introduced in 1983 and a lot of government entities as well as hundreds of government projects had been implemented by private sector. From 1983 until 2003, 474 projects and 457 government entities had been privatized from 1983 until 2005 involving assets sale of RM1.54 billion and equity sales of RM4.94 billion (Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister Department). Various type of privatization such as sale, leased, management contract and build-lease-transfer have been used. However, in some strategic entities such as ports, main utilities provider (e.g. Tenaga Nasional Berhad) and national carrier (Malaysian Airlines Systems Berhad), Malaysian governme nt directly retained one special share or well known as golden share on top of ordinary shares that possess by GLICs on behalf of the government. In this type of GLCs, the degree of Government interference is excessively. The golden share grant government not only right to control companys direction including the appointment/dismissal of Chairman, Board member, CEO and senior management but also make major decisions such as restructuring exercise, mergers and acquisition, assets disposal and even cancel whatever decision make by the firms for the interest of governmentà [5]à by the government in 2001 with cost closed to Ringgit Malaysia one billion (Jalleh M., 2005) was a good example of how this type of GLCs being protected by the government. Another prominent case was the bailout of national car company Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional or Proton by state-owned oil company, Petroliam Nasional Berhad (known as Petronas) during the AFC through cash injected by instruction of the gove rnment (Restall, 2000). Based on the arguments, the present study believed that, this type of firms should be treated separately from other normal GLCs to moderate the impact of government interventions. By group them together into one group of GLCs as carried out by previous studies in Malaysia is inappropriate and may have distorted their studies result. This research basically will address both of these issue by differentiate all GLCs in Malaysia into groups according to their controlling agency at federal or state level and also based on their type of shares to observe their impact to firms corporate performance. This study expected to form a distinctive contribution to the knowledge and provide new facts on some elements of the government ownership in emerging economies by providing in-depth analysis on the issue. To the best of my knowledge, no particular researcher so far focuses on examining government ownership and firm value by make use of these proposed approaches. In addition to that, others variable that related to government ownership such as the role of politicians, government official and ex- government officials as board members in GLCs and also the influence of degree of government ownership in GLCs will also be tested. 4.0 Hypotheses development This present study ultimately intended to test for any association between ownership structures of GLCs and firm value. A total of seven aspects have been identified and the hypotheses developed as to their probable effect and firm performance. 4.1 GLCs under federal and state government and firm performance There were not studies specifically relate this variable with performance in Malaysia, but study by Chen, Firth and Xu (2009) on Chinas listed company revealed that the performance of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) affiliated to central government or in Malaysian context is federal government is outperformed their counterpart which are related to state and local government. They also argued that different form of government ownership have different motivation and objectives on investment and it lead to different performance outcomes for the companies they have invested in. According to Loh (2008), the Malaysias constitutional design clearly favors the federal over the state governments, both in term of legislative jurisdictions as well as in terms of revenue assignments. Based on this argument and motivations on the effectiveness of monitoring systems by federal government as discussed in 3.0, the proposed hypothesis is: H1: The impact of GLCs controlled by federal government on firm performance is stronger than GLCs controlled by states government 4.2 GLCs with governments special share and firm performance As explained in Section 3.0 above, governments golden share providing the government will unlimited power to control company directions and sometimes lead to misallocation of resources by the companies itself or by the government in order to assist them. The holding agency of this share is Ministry of Finance Incorporated, the entity under Ministry of Finance, Malaysia.Ãâà Although there is no empirical study so far that investigate the relationship between governments special share and performance in Malaysia, but study by Sun, Tong H.S, and Tong (2002) from Chinas privatization experience shows that too much government interference and control of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) was among the reasons of SOEs poor performance. Another argument is that, as of the perspective of minority shareholders, too much intervention from government will jeopardize the companys development and resulted poor performance in the long run. Hence, this type of company is not attractive for investo rs. Therefore, it is hypothesized that: H2: The impact of GLCs without governments golden share on firm performance is stronger than GLCs with governments golden share 4.3 Degree of government ownership and firm performance Like many others East Asian countries, Malaysias corporate sector also experiencing a high level of ownership concentration (Liew, 2007; La Porta et al., 1998). Gunasekarage et. al (2006) in their study on influence of the degree of state ownership on the performance of listed Chinese companies conclude that firms performance is significant at high levels of government ownership and a balanced ownership structure enhances the firm performance. Study by Ke and D.Isaac (2007) in China listed property companies from 2000 to 2002 also reveals that the government shareholding is positively related to corporate performance. In Malaysia context, Lau and Tong (2008) in their study of 15 listed GLCs in Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2000 to 2005 find a significant positive relationship between the degree of government ownershipà [6]à and firm value. However, this study has limitation in term of selected data sets as laid out in Section 3.0. Therefore the variable will be re-testing with more comprehensive data sets in order to have more concrete and robust evidence on the influence of this variable to firm performance. In line with agency theory that concentrated ownership in more effective in reducing managerial agency cost, the proposed hypotheses are: H3: There is a significant relationship between governments ownership degree in GLCs and firm performance 4.4 Politicians as director and firm performance GLCs traditionally has some of its boards of directors that had affiliations with the ruling party especially those GLCs that previously under government control and later on involved in privatization. Johnson and Mitton (2003) noted that as of October 1999, 15.8% or 67 out of 424 firms listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities are politically connected to the ruling party. Empirical evidence on the association between politicians as director and its impact to firm value is inconclusive. Study by Xu, Zhu and Lin (2005) on state owned enterprises in China revealed that politicians have incentives to control the firms to achieve economically inefficient objectives for political purposes. In a related study, Shleifer and Vishny (1994) exposed that excess employment and wages are common in public enterprise that control by politicians. This unhealthy phenomenon could lead to wrong managerial investment decisions and result in misallocation of companys resources that eventuall y reduce the firm value. Boubakri, Cosset and Saffar (2008) investigate the association between political connections of newly privatized firms and the impact to performance. The study involved 245 privatized firms in 27 developing and 14 industrialized countries and the existence of political connections is based on whether the particular firms have a politician or an ex-politician on their boards. They find that the politically-connected firms exhibit a poor performance compared to their non-connected counterparts. The similar result also found in Fan et. al (2007). Meanwhile, Fisman (2001) in his study in Indonesia and Faccio (2006) in analysis of 47 countries find a significant relationship between these two variables. In the context of Malaysia where business and politics are inter-related (Gomez and Jomo, 1997) indicated that, participation of politicians in GLCs might have effects on firm value as they act as a link between the governments and companys management. Therefore, it is hypothesized that, H4: There is a significant relationship between politician as director and firm performance 4.5 Government officials as board member in GLCs and firm performance GLCs are created partly to implement government policy objectives especially those established as a result of privatization exercises in the early eighties. Hence, most of their board of directors are civil servants either still in-service or formal government officials that act as eyes and ear of government as well as communication bridge between the management and the government. Agrawal and Knoeber (2001) in their study found that the politically experience directors that comprises former government officials benefits the company they served and noted that they are more prevalent in firms compare to others outside directors. In a related study in Singapore that involved 25 GLCs and 204 non-GLCs for the period from 1990 to 2000, Ang and Ding (2006) found that GLCs exhibit higher valuations than those of the non-GLCs in the area of profitability, efficiency and firms financial performance. Like Malaysian GLCs, Singapore GLCs also comprises government officials in their board. At suc h, it is hypothesized that, H5: There is a significant relationship between in service government official as director and firm performance H6: There is a significant relationship between former government official as director and firm performance 5.0 Research design and methodology 5.1 Data and sample design The first model in this research is designed to examine the impact of ownership structure on corporate performance of all GLCs listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia Securities for the period of five years (2004 until 2008). To ensure that the sample clearly represented the population intended for the research and to harmonious the selected sample to the GLCs definition, the sample selection is based on the following criteria: At any time, one specific GLICs either at federal or states government level must be the single largest shareholder with at least 20% share ownership in one particular company on Main Board of KLSE and; The financial and unit trust companies are excluded as they are governed by different set of rules and acts that could affect the end findings of this study. In addition, all required financial data for the study period are to be available in databases (Datastream or Thomson Research) and information on ownership and corporate governance structure from companies respective audited annual report. The study constructs an unbalanced panel data of all GLCs during the study period. This approach has the advantage of attrition biases in correlation (Hu and Izumida, 2008). The observations period of 2004 to 2008 is chosen mainly because the period was the phase of economic stability in Malaysia when the countrys economy and capitals market activities fully recovered after the Asian Financial Crisis. The performance chart in Figure 2 below reveals that prior to AFC, the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) in average has been trading in an upward trend. However, the AFC push down the KLCI to below 600 during the peak of the crisis. The post-crisis period has seen steady increase in the value of the KLCI even though until 2006 Bursa Malaysia Securities still has some 200 companies trading at more than 50 percent discount to their book values (James, 2006). Another reason for the chosen period is to evaluate the impact of GLCs Transformation Program that launch in May 2004 by Malaysian government to improve performance of GLCs. 5.2 Methodology 5.2.1 The proposed model The following base model will be used to test the hypotheses that have been defined in the previous section: PERFORM = ÃŽà ± + ÃŽà ²1FG_GLC + ÃŽà ²2SG_GLC + ÃŽà ²3GOLD + ÃŽà ²4GOV_OWN + ÃŽà ²5POL + ÃŽà ²6GO_BOD + ÃŽà ²7EX-GO_BOD + ÃŽà ²8LOG_SIZE + ÃŽà ²9LEV + ÃŽà ²10BOD_SIZE + ÃŽà ²11BOD_MEET + ÃŽà ²12BOD_IND + ÃŽà µi Where; PERFORM = the dependent variables: proxy by ROA, ROE and Tobins Q; Independent variables: FG_GLC = GLCs under federal government (equal to 1 if a firm is under federal government, and 0 otherwise) SG_GLC = GLCs under state government (equal to 1 if a firm is under states government, and 0 otherwise) GOLD = GLCs which government owned one golden share (equal to 1 if a firm has governments golden share, and 0 otherwise) GOV_OWN = captures the percentage of government ownership in a GLC POL = captures the percentage of politician on the board GO_BOD = captures the percentage of government official in-service on the board EX-GO_BOD = captures the percentage of ex-government official on the board Control variables: LOG_SIZE = natural log of total assets as proxy of firm size LEV = firm leverage (total liabilities to total assets) BOD_SIZE = number of board of directors during the year BOD_MEET = number of board of directors meetings during the year BOD_IND = captures the percentage of independent directors on the board ÃŽà µi = error term 5.2.2 Operationalization of variable selection 5.2.2.1 The dependent variable The dependent variable in this study is firm performance that comprises accounting and market based performance namely return on assets (ROA)à [8]à and Tobins Q. They are to be employed in this study to measure the impact of ownership structure on corporate performance. The accounting-based performance is the most common types of performance measurement in assessing business performance. In this approach, annual report, which comprises income statements, balance sheets and statements of changes in financial position are the source of information to analyze companys financial performance for one particular financial year. This approach is very important for companys stakeholders such as potential investors since the indicator can help them in making investment decisions. It also vital in helping the companys shareholders to assess how well the company performed in market place in order to make decisions on management and employees rewards, setting suitable plans to sustain the goo d momentum or even take drastic approaches for company to remain in business. The accounting-based performance also helps manager to effectively plan and control in order to achieve the objectives of the company. For example, according to Thompson Yeung (2001), return on equity as one of the accounting-based measurements can accommodate the effect of different accounting procedures across industries and can minimize the multi-linearity between companys specific characteristics such as size, age and profitability. Both ROA and ROE are the most common measurement used in analyzing financial performance of companies and have been used widely in previous studies (Vafeas,1999; Abdullah,2004; Bhagat Black, 2002; Rahman Haniffa 2006; Ang Ding, 2006; Bhagat Bolton; 2008 and Chu, 2009). Since accounting-based performance measures the past and current performance of the firm, m Corporate Performance of Malaysian Public Companies Corporate Performance of Malaysian Public Companies 1.0 Introduction and motivation of study The issues of ownership and corporate governance have been discussed broadly in the prior literature especially in developed markets. However, in emerging economies like Malaysia, the issues received a vigorous impetus when the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) hit Malaysia with severity in 1997/98. The AFC had depressed the economy to negative 7.5% in 1998, around 84,000 people lost their job and Malaysian capital market lost estimated USD200 billion in term of market capitalization during the crisis (Series of Malaysia Economic Reports). At the same time, the value of Malaysian currency had been decrease dramatically from 2.52 ringgit to the US dollar in June, 1997 to a lowest of 4.50 ringgit to the US dollar in January, 1998 (Tourres, 2003), plunging the country into its first recession for many years. Weak financial systems, excessive foreign borrowing and lack of transparency were among factors that contributed to the crisis (Fischer, 1998). Following the AFC, the Malaysian government introduced several reform measures to enhance transparency and accountability to restoring market confidence and encourage more stable and long term international investment. Example of these are the establishment of the Malaysian Institute of Corporate Governance (MICG) in 1998, the introduction of Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) in March 2000à [1]à which codified the principles and best practices of good governance and the launched of Malaysias Capital Market Master Plan in 2002 as a comprehensive plan that identifies the strategic positioning and future of the Malaysian capital market. The Minority Shareholders Watchdog GROUP (MSWG) was also setup in 2001 as respond to the AFC. This study focuses on Malaysias capital market mainly because of the confidence shown by the international business community concerning investments in Malaysia especially after the economy has fully recovered from the AFC. Based on The Productivity and Investment Climate Survey, World Bank 2009, which reports firms perceptions of the business environment, suggests that Malaysia is a relatively attractive place for investors. Meanwhile, Report on Doing Business 2010 ranked Malaysia 23rd out of 183 economies for ease of doing business and recently the World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2010 placed Malaysia 10th of the most competitive economy in the world, up from 18th place in the previous year. The achievement of Malaysia economy to date partly contributing through the active roles plays by the government-linked companies (GLCs) that form the backbone of the structure of the Malaysian economy. GLCs and their controlling shareholders, government-linked investment companies (GLICs), constitute a significant part of the economic structure of Malaysia. GLCs employ an estimated 5% of the national workforce, account for approximately 49% of market capitalization (Ringgit Malaysia 235.5 billion) of Bursa Malaysia Securities, contributes about 17 percent of the nations gross fixed capital formation and account for almost 10 percent of Gross Domestic Product (Malaysia Economic Report, 2009/2010). More than that, GLCs also plays an important role in executing government policies and initiatives especially in key sectors and new growth sectors. Even with active divestment and privatization, GLCs remained as the main service providers to the nations key strategic utilities and services including electricity, telecommunications, airlines, airports, public transportations, banking and financial services. On top of that, GLCs also on forefront in implementing recommendations of the best practices affirmed in Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance for Malaysian Public Listed Companies (Corporate Governance Survey Report, 2008). In the meantime, Corporate Governance Watch 2007, an annual collaborative study of corporate governance landscape of Asian market undertaken by independent stockbroker CLSA Asia Pacific Markets and the Asian Corporate Governance Association noted general improvement at the GLCs, a function of GLCs reforms and greater openness. Finally, the research on GLCs performance in Malaysia is also very important in order to investigate the real achievement of GLCs Transformation Program, the special program that was launched in May 2004 by Malaysian government to improve the performance of GLCs. Recently, the total shareholder return of a selection of top 20 GLCs, has outperformed the benchmark index of Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) by a compounded annual growth rat e of 2.4 percent since the launch of the program (Business Times, 2009). Motivate by the above reason, part of this study attempts to examine whether or not government ownership lead to better company performance by focusing on the unique characteristics of government ownership in GLCs. The research is an attempt to extend the literature in this field and to provide new insight and understanding on the roles of state in emerging market considering the limited number of research in this area. Hence, the first part of this study attempts to answer the following primary research question: Is there any significant relationship between ownership structure of government- linked companies in Malaysia and firm value? 2.0 Theoretical Foundations of the Study There are number of different theoretical frameworks to explain and analyze corporate governance. Difference frameworks approaches corporate governance in different way, for example; the agency theory arises from the fields of finance and economics and the stakeholder theory arises from social-orientated perspective on corporate governance. According to Mallin (2010, p.14), the main theories that have affected the development of corporate governance are agency theory, transaction cost economics, stakeholder theory and stewardship theory. All these theory from difference disciplines have contributed to the development of theoretical aspects of corporate governance and its frameworks. However, the main theory that generally associated with ownership of the firm is agency theory that widely used in previous researches around the world. Theoretical and empirical researches on the relationship between ownership and firm value was originally motivated by the separation of ownership from control (Berle Means, 1932) and more recently, by agency theory (Jensen Meckling, 1976; Fama Jensen, 1983). In this theory, the basic assumption is that the goals and objectives of the principals (owners) and managers (agents) conflict. The central problem in corporate governance is to construct rules and incentive to effectively align the behavior of managers with the desires of principals (Hawley and Williams, 1996). The problem of agents being responsible to principals is that it compounds the agency costs identified by Jensen and Meckling (1976) with the basic assumption is that managers will act opportunistically to further their own interests before shareholders and one of the main reasons that the desired actions of principal and agent diverge is their different attitude towards risk (Shankman, 1999). Under the circumstances, in Malaysia where there is a high concentration of government ownership in firms (Tam and Tan, 2007) and high percentage of firms affiliated to government (La Porta et al., 1999), the government ownership actually has capacity to provide a control mechanisms to align management personal objectives with firm objectives and eventually increase the firm value. Parts of GLCs in Malaysia are privatized firms during Malaysian Privatization Policy in 1990s. Hence, the firms always related to political variables and in that stance the political view of GLCs conceive that the high level of government interferences resulted of inefficiency to the firm rather than facilitate the operation. 3.0 Literature Review and Research Gaps In Malaysia context, GLCs are defined as companies that have a primary commercial objective and in which the Malaysian government has a direct controlling stake via the GLICs. The GLICs are investment arms of the government that allocate government funds to the GLCs (Putrajaya Committee on GLC High Performance, 2004; Lau and Tong, 2008). Meanwhile, the controlling stake here refers to the governments ability (not just percentage ownership) to appoint board members, senior management and/or make major decisions. The Ministry of Finance (1993) classify GLCs as one in which the Malaysian government had an effective ownership interest of at least 20 percent of equity shares. Twenty percent voting rights in one particular company is considered to be sufficient for effective control and is employed in previous studies on ownership (La Porta et al.,1999; Faccio et.al., 2001 and Setia-Atmaja, 2009). Majority of GLCs under the federal government are under Khazanah Nasional Berhad, one of the most active GLICs in Malaysiaà [2]à . Empirical studies on the relationship between government ownership and firm performance on the whole produced inconclusive results. Study by Ang and Ding (2005) on the relationship between ownership structure of Singaporean GLCs and performance found that GLCs exhibit higher valuations than those of the non-GLCs. In a related study, Ke and Issac (2007) report that governments shareholding is positively related to corporate performance of Chinas listed property companies, suggested that the economy sector is matter in the country. The findings however inconsistent with other empirical studies on the government ownership in China where in overall found the negative relationship between these two variables. For example, Sun and Tong (2003); McGuiness and Ferguson (2005); Gunasekarage, Xu and Wang (1999) and Li, Sun and Zou (2009) find that on average, the firms performance is negatively influenced by the governments ownership. Research in Malaysia on the relationship between government ownership and performance is lacking and also show mixed findings. Recently, Lau and Tong (2008) conducted a research on the impact of government intervention on firm value by employed 15 listed GLCs under Khazanah Nasional Berhad from year 2000 to 2005 (90 firm-year observations). They reveal a significant positive relationship between the degree of government ownership and firm value. However, this study has shortcomings as the selected data sets of 15 GLCs a year under Khazanah Nasional Berhad are too small and not robust enough to represent the overall GLCs performance. In fact, there are many more listed GLCs under the controlled of federal government GLICsà [3]à as well as GLCs under the state government jurisdiction. This research aims to address this issue by providing in-depth examinations and comprehensive study on all GLCs both at federal and state level. In a related study in Malaysia, Tam and Tan (2007) find that the performance of firms associated to government ownership is poor compared to others ownership types namely; individual-owned firms, foreign-owned firms and trust fund-owned firms. The study involved the top 150 listed companies on Bursa Malaysia Securities based on their ranking according to their market capitalization in 2000. The similar results also found in research by Ming and Gee (2008); and Chu and Cheah (2006) that show the negative relationship between government ownership and firms corporate performance. However, those studies also have limitations as they fail to properly identify the unique characteristics of GLCs ownership in Malaysia. In their studies, they group together all types of GLCs in one group in an attempt to find its relationship to performance without addressing issues of (i) the different type of GLCs controlled by federal government and GLCs controlled by states government and (ii) the differe nt type of shares in GLCs. With regard to the first issue, distinctions should be made between GLCs controlled by federal government (GLCFGs) and those controlled by state governments (GLCSGs) predominantly because they are difference in aspects of monitoring by federal government machineries and GLICs. GLCFGs subjected to strict supervision and monitoring not only by its GLICs but by ministries concerned under federal government. For example, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, a GLCFG is the largest electric utility company in Malaysia with one governments special share and majority of it ordinary shares owned by Khazanah Nasional Berhad . The Ministry of Finance responsible to the issues pertaining to the corporate matters of the company such as the approval entity for appointment of CEO/board of directors, their contract extension or termination, company performance etc. The selection of company chairman or CEO is carefully chosen based on their capability and suitability to head the organization. In the meantime, matters pertaining to policy such as approval for electric tariff increment and monitoring of company obeying to energy policy of Malaysia are under the responsibility of Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water as a guardian ministry. In addition, National Audit Department also conducting an annual auditing or special auditing to this company to be reported in Auditors General Report that eventually to be presented in Parliament. Furthermore, Public Accounts Committee, a committee under Parliament also have right to investigate whatever issues surrounding the company such as mismanagement or issues highlighted in Auditors General Report. With all these stringent monitoring systems, the GLCFGs are more cautious in their actions and eventually lead to good corporate performance in the long run. On the other hand, the extent of monitoring and supervision of GLCSGs by respective state governments is weaker. All issues pertaining GLCSGs are to be monitor and solve by State Economic Development Corporation (SEDC), a controlling agency cum main shareholder of GLCSGs. As contended in Agency Theory, lack of monitoring efforts will increase the agency costs that eventually lead to poor firm performance. Furthermore, GLICs at federal government have more systematically systems and incentives in monitoring and improve its GLCs performance compared to its counterpart in state government. For example is the establishment of a special program aims to transform GLCs to high performers entity called GLCs Transformation Program (GTP) that was launched in May 2004. Under this program, 20 larger GLCs (G-20) that controlled by different federal government GLICs has been selected to be transformed into high performance entity and become regional or global champions. Since the launch the programme, G-20 have made significant improvement especially on their financial aspects with operating cash flow for non-financial G-20 firms grew by 42% from RM14 billion in 2004 to RM20 billion in 2008. At the same time, aggregate earnings for 2008 also 53% higher compared to performance in 2004 and total shareholder returns has outperformed the benchmark index of Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) by a compo unded annual growth rate of 4.8% since the launch of the program (GTP Mid-Term Progress Review, 2009). With regard to this issue, based on above motivations the current study argue that the performance of listed GLCs controlled by federal government are better than it counterparts under the controlled of state government. On the second issue, previous studies with concerned to government ownership and performance have ignored the very important characteristic of GLCs in Malaysia which is GLCs with governments one special share or golden share. As a background, to stimulate economic growth and reduce Government financial burden, privatization policy was introduced in 1983 and a lot of government entities as well as hundreds of government projects had been implemented by private sector. From 1983 until 2003, 474 projects and 457 government entities had been privatized from 1983 until 2005 involving assets sale of RM1.54 billion and equity sales of RM4.94 billion (Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister Department). Various type of privatization such as sale, leased, management contract and build-lease-transfer have been used. However, in some strategic entities such as ports, main utilities provider (e.g. Tenaga Nasional Berhad) and national carrier (Malaysian Airlines Systems Berhad), Malaysian governme nt directly retained one special share or well known as golden share on top of ordinary shares that possess by GLICs on behalf of the government. In this type of GLCs, the degree of Government interference is excessively. The golden share grant government not only right to control companys direction including the appointment/dismissal of Chairman, Board member, CEO and senior management but also make major decisions such as restructuring exercise, mergers and acquisition, assets disposal and even cancel whatever decision make by the firms for the interest of governmentà [5]à by the government in 2001 with cost closed to Ringgit Malaysia one billion (Jalleh M., 2005) was a good example of how this type of GLCs being protected by the government. Another prominent case was the bailout of national car company Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional or Proton by state-owned oil company, Petroliam Nasional Berhad (known as Petronas) during the AFC through cash injected by instruction of the gove rnment (Restall, 2000). Based on the arguments, the present study believed that, this type of firms should be treated separately from other normal GLCs to moderate the impact of government interventions. By group them together into one group of GLCs as carried out by previous studies in Malaysia is inappropriate and may have distorted their studies result. This research basically will address both of these issue by differentiate all GLCs in Malaysia into groups according to their controlling agency at federal or state level and also based on their type of shares to observe their impact to firms corporate performance. This study expected to form a distinctive contribution to the knowledge and provide new facts on some elements of the government ownership in emerging economies by providing in-depth analysis on the issue. To the best of my knowledge, no particular researcher so far focuses on examining government ownership and firm value by make use of these proposed approaches. In addition to that, others variable that related to government ownership such as the role of politicians, government official and ex- government officials as board members in GLCs and also the influence of degree of government ownership in GLCs will also be tested. 4.0 Hypotheses development This present study ultimately intended to test for any association between ownership structures of GLCs and firm value. A total of seven aspects have been identified and the hypotheses developed as to their probable effect and firm performance. 4.1 GLCs under federal and state government and firm performance There were not studies specifically relate this variable with performance in Malaysia, but study by Chen, Firth and Xu (2009) on Chinas listed company revealed that the performance of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) affiliated to central government or in Malaysian context is federal government is outperformed their counterpart which are related to state and local government. They also argued that different form of government ownership have different motivation and objectives on investment and it lead to different performance outcomes for the companies they have invested in. According to Loh (2008), the Malaysias constitutional design clearly favors the federal over the state governments, both in term of legislative jurisdictions as well as in terms of revenue assignments. Based on this argument and motivations on the effectiveness of monitoring systems by federal government as discussed in 3.0, the proposed hypothesis is: H1: The impact of GLCs controlled by federal government on firm performance is stronger than GLCs controlled by states government 4.2 GLCs with governments special share and firm performance As explained in Section 3.0 above, governments golden share providing the government will unlimited power to control company directions and sometimes lead to misallocation of resources by the companies itself or by the government in order to assist them. The holding agency of this share is Ministry of Finance Incorporated, the entity under Ministry of Finance, Malaysia.Ãâà Although there is no empirical study so far that investigate the relationship between governments special share and performance in Malaysia, but study by Sun, Tong H.S, and Tong (2002) from Chinas privatization experience shows that too much government interference and control of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) was among the reasons of SOEs poor performance. Another argument is that, as of the perspective of minority shareholders, too much intervention from government will jeopardize the companys development and resulted poor performance in the long run. Hence, this type of company is not attractive for investo rs. Therefore, it is hypothesized that: H2: The impact of GLCs without governments golden share on firm performance is stronger than GLCs with governments golden share 4.3 Degree of government ownership and firm performance Like many others East Asian countries, Malaysias corporate sector also experiencing a high level of ownership concentration (Liew, 2007; La Porta et al., 1998). Gunasekarage et. al (2006) in their study on influence of the degree of state ownership on the performance of listed Chinese companies conclude that firms performance is significant at high levels of government ownership and a balanced ownership structure enhances the firm performance. Study by Ke and D.Isaac (2007) in China listed property companies from 2000 to 2002 also reveals that the government shareholding is positively related to corporate performance. In Malaysia context, Lau and Tong (2008) in their study of 15 listed GLCs in Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2000 to 2005 find a significant positive relationship between the degree of government ownershipà [6]à and firm value. However, this study has limitation in term of selected data sets as laid out in Section 3.0. Therefore the variable will be re-testing with more comprehensive data sets in order to have more concrete and robust evidence on the influence of this variable to firm performance. In line with agency theory that concentrated ownership in more effective in reducing managerial agency cost, the proposed hypotheses are: H3: There is a significant relationship between governments ownership degree in GLCs and firm performance 4.4 Politicians as director and firm performance GLCs traditionally has some of its boards of directors that had affiliations with the ruling party especially those GLCs that previously under government control and later on involved in privatization. Johnson and Mitton (2003) noted that as of October 1999, 15.8% or 67 out of 424 firms listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities are politically connected to the ruling party. Empirical evidence on the association between politicians as director and its impact to firm value is inconclusive. Study by Xu, Zhu and Lin (2005) on state owned enterprises in China revealed that politicians have incentives to control the firms to achieve economically inefficient objectives for political purposes. In a related study, Shleifer and Vishny (1994) exposed that excess employment and wages are common in public enterprise that control by politicians. This unhealthy phenomenon could lead to wrong managerial investment decisions and result in misallocation of companys resources that eventuall y reduce the firm value. Boubakri, Cosset and Saffar (2008) investigate the association between political connections of newly privatized firms and the impact to performance. The study involved 245 privatized firms in 27 developing and 14 industrialized countries and the existence of political connections is based on whether the particular firms have a politician or an ex-politician on their boards. They find that the politically-connected firms exhibit a poor performance compared to their non-connected counterparts. The similar result also found in Fan et. al (2007). Meanwhile, Fisman (2001) in his study in Indonesia and Faccio (2006) in analysis of 47 countries find a significant relationship between these two variables. In the context of Malaysia where business and politics are inter-related (Gomez and Jomo, 1997) indicated that, participation of politicians in GLCs might have effects on firm value as they act as a link between the governments and companys management. Therefore, it is hypothesized that, H4: There is a significant relationship between politician as director and firm performance 4.5 Government officials as board member in GLCs and firm performance GLCs are created partly to implement government policy objectives especially those established as a result of privatization exercises in the early eighties. Hence, most of their board of directors are civil servants either still in-service or formal government officials that act as eyes and ear of government as well as communication bridge between the management and the government. Agrawal and Knoeber (2001) in their study found that the politically experience directors that comprises former government officials benefits the company they served and noted that they are more prevalent in firms compare to others outside directors. In a related study in Singapore that involved 25 GLCs and 204 non-GLCs for the period from 1990 to 2000, Ang and Ding (2006) found that GLCs exhibit higher valuations than those of the non-GLCs in the area of profitability, efficiency and firms financial performance. Like Malaysian GLCs, Singapore GLCs also comprises government officials in their board. At suc h, it is hypothesized that, H5: There is a significant relationship between in service government official as director and firm performance H6: There is a significant relationship between former government official as director and firm performance 5.0 Research design and methodology 5.1 Data and sample design The first model in this research is designed to examine the impact of ownership structure on corporate performance of all GLCs listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia Securities for the period of five years (2004 until 2008). To ensure that the sample clearly represented the population intended for the research and to harmonious the selected sample to the GLCs definition, the sample selection is based on the following criteria: At any time, one specific GLICs either at federal or states government level must be the single largest shareholder with at least 20% share ownership in one particular company on Main Board of KLSE and; The financial and unit trust companies are excluded as they are governed by different set of rules and acts that could affect the end findings of this study. In addition, all required financial data for the study period are to be available in databases (Datastream or Thomson Research) and information on ownership and corporate governance structure from companies respective audited annual report. The study constructs an unbalanced panel data of all GLCs during the study period. This approach has the advantage of attrition biases in correlation (Hu and Izumida, 2008). The observations period of 2004 to 2008 is chosen mainly because the period was the phase of economic stability in Malaysia when the countrys economy and capitals market activities fully recovered after the Asian Financial Crisis. The performance chart in Figure 2 below reveals that prior to AFC, the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) in average has been trading in an upward trend. However, the AFC push down the KLCI to below 600 during the peak of the crisis. The post-crisis period has seen steady increase in the value of the KLCI even though until 2006 Bursa Malaysia Securities still has some 200 companies trading at more than 50 percent discount to their book values (James, 2006). Another reason for the chosen period is to evaluate the impact of GLCs Transformation Program that launch in May 2004 by Malaysian government to improve performance of GLCs. 5.2 Methodology 5.2.1 The proposed model The following base model will be used to test the hypotheses that have been defined in the previous section: PERFORM = ÃŽà ± + ÃŽà ²1FG_GLC + ÃŽà ²2SG_GLC + ÃŽà ²3GOLD + ÃŽà ²4GOV_OWN + ÃŽà ²5POL + ÃŽà ²6GO_BOD + ÃŽà ²7EX-GO_BOD + ÃŽà ²8LOG_SIZE + ÃŽà ²9LEV + ÃŽà ²10BOD_SIZE + ÃŽà ²11BOD_MEET + ÃŽà ²12BOD_IND + ÃŽà µi Where; PERFORM = the dependent variables: proxy by ROA, ROE and Tobins Q; Independent variables: FG_GLC = GLCs under federal government (equal to 1 if a firm is under federal government, and 0 otherwise) SG_GLC = GLCs under state government (equal to 1 if a firm is under states government, and 0 otherwise) GOLD = GLCs which government owned one golden share (equal to 1 if a firm has governments golden share, and 0 otherwise) GOV_OWN = captures the percentage of government ownership in a GLC POL = captures the percentage of politician on the board GO_BOD = captures the percentage of government official in-service on the board EX-GO_BOD = captures the percentage of ex-government official on the board Control variables: LOG_SIZE = natural log of total assets as proxy of firm size LEV = firm leverage (total liabilities to total assets) BOD_SIZE = number of board of directors during the year BOD_MEET = number of board of directors meetings during the year BOD_IND = captures the percentage of independent directors on the board ÃŽà µi = error term 5.2.2 Operationalization of variable selection 5.2.2.1 The dependent variable The dependent variable in this study is firm performance that comprises accounting and market based performance namely return on assets (ROA)à [8]à and Tobins Q. They are to be employed in this study to measure the impact of ownership structure on corporate performance. The accounting-based performance is the most common types of performance measurement in assessing business performance. In this approach, annual report, which comprises income statements, balance sheets and statements of changes in financial position are the source of information to analyze companys financial performance for one particular financial year. This approach is very important for companys stakeholders such as potential investors since the indicator can help them in making investment decisions. It also vital in helping the companys shareholders to assess how well the company performed in market place in order to make decisions on management and employees rewards, setting suitable plans to sustain the goo d momentum or even take drastic approaches for company to remain in business. The accounting-based performance also helps manager to effectively plan and control in order to achieve the objectives of the company. For example, according to Thompson Yeung (2001), return on equity as one of the accounting-based measurements can accommodate the effect of different accounting procedures across industries and can minimize the multi-linearity between companys specific characteristics such as size, age and profitability. Both ROA and ROE are the most common measurement used in analyzing financial performance of companies and have been used widely in previous studies (Vafeas,1999; Abdullah,2004; Bhagat Black, 2002; Rahman Haniffa 2006; Ang Ding, 2006; Bhagat Bolton; 2008 and Chu, 2009). Since accounting-based performance measures the past and current performance of the firm, m miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7710804610518636008.post-61184464990072723262019-11-13T22:50:00.001-08:002019-11-13T22:50:04.428-08:00Vince Lombardi - Winning is the Only Thing That Matters :: essays research papers fc Vince Lombardiââ¬â¢s statement that ââ¬Å"winning is the only thing that matters in sportâ⬠, is one of the truths that are inherent in the world of sports. Athletes are willing to cheat to guarantee success, either through the use of performance-enhancing drugs, or through the act of injuring others. Lombardiââ¬â¢s statement not only applies to athletes, but it also applies to countries that athletes are representing. Events such as the Olympics and the World Cup of Hockey are a source of national pride and some countries are willing to try anything to bring a little prestige back, while other athletes, who are representing their country will resort to unethical tactics. Judges and officials are bribed in order to win events. Lombardiââ¬â¢s statement also affects coaches, owners, and managers. They too place winning as their number one concern. Fair play generally takes a back seat to the desire for winning that some will bend rules, while others will outright cheat. The corruptness of sports today has lead to many methods of unethical behaviour. Winning is a very important thing not only to athletes, but winning is very important to countries as well. In the early 1960s drugs were used more frequently among the communist nations who wanted to enhance their national prestige through sports. Countries such as China and East Germany have been guilty of using such practices as doping their athletes. The glory of winning a gold medal and what will follow after that is more important than anything else. It one of the major influences behind drug use in sports. The main concern now for athletes who are representing their countries is not just about the satisfaction of winning but the rewards for success. The rewards are staggering, as the dollar volume being showered on winners is second to none. The figures have become so mind-boggling that the interests of people involved in this lucrative business is no longer centred around ethical and health-related concerns. Athletes are willing to give up all that they have worked for their entire lives in order to win a gold medal. Athletes use performance-enhancing drugs to help break records or win gold medals. Blood doping is another example in which athletes attempt to improve performance. Drug related scandals are some of the major concerns with the Olympics. Drug testing was introduced at the Olympics in 1967, when at the 1960 Olympics in Rome, Swedish cyclist Knut Jensen took compound drugs to compete in the road race during which he collapsed and died. miriammartin169http://www.blogger.com/profile/17709095827903984486noreply@blogger.com0